WIMS technical documentation

What is WIMS?

The WIMS server is composed of a kernel program which is a cgi program (wims.cgi), plus various activity units called ``modules''.

The client browser accesses the server via a http request to wims.cgi, with parameters specifying the name of the module to request, the type of the request, and possibly parameters for the module ; wims.cgi processes the requested module, passing the user parameters to it, and sends the result returned by the module back to the client.

A module may consist of a number of script files grouped in one directory. These scripts are written in a special scripting language: the WIMS language.

The WIMS language contains commands which allow it to call external programs (especially various mathematical softwares) to make sophisticated computations. Such commands are processed by wims.cgi and sent through interface programs which filter the request, check for security breaches, and send back a filtered output.

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Examples of what you can do with WIMS

• Take a look at the animated plotter: it allows you to plot curves and surfaces with zooming, deforming and rotating effects, more easily as you may possibly imagine.
• The game Q-Puzzle gives a very good idea of how wims can provide a convenient way to combine multimedia means and abstract mathematical notions.
• The game-exercise Coincidence-freehand shows the possibility to create interactive graphic exercises of a new style.
• The exercise Correspondance gives an idea of the possibility of embedding javascript interactivity into a wims application.
• The exercise Accordance shows the possibility of linking different wims applications: except for the easiest level, such an exercise is practical only if the user can use computer to solve a linear system. Now such a solver (another wims application) is available directly in the exercise page, via a hypertext link. In order to teach the student to choose the appropriate tool, some irrelevant links are also added.
  Please notice that the lack of direct data communication between the two modules is only a choice of the design of the module, in order to make the student type the matrices.
• The tool Function illustrates the possibility to create pages which are at the same time powerful and easy to use. By linking a plotter (gnuplot), a symbolic calculator (Maxima) and a numerical calculator (pari) at backend level, it allows the user to click on a root (or a local extremum) he sees on the curve, and get the value of the root (or local extremum) at arbitrary precision.
  To achieve this, softwares are dynamically called at backend. First, gnuplot is used to draw the curve in the given interval. When the user clicks on a point, gp is called to try to find a root in the neighborhood of the point. If it fails, Maxima is called to compute the formal derivative of the function, and gp is called again to find a root of the derivative in the neighborhood (which will be the local extremum).
• This document itself is an illustration to the fact that wims can provide an easy way to dynamically reorganise contents of a document. By changing a parameter, contents of the document can be grouped, split, or chosen, in various ways. (Remark that this document is itself a wims module.)

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Comparison with other approaches

Advantage of WIMS versus locally installed softwares

1. No need of software installation and/or update by users.

   All installation and/or update of background software is done on the server side, which can be anywhere on the internet. On the client machine, only a common web browser is required (which needs not to be very up to date).

2. No need to learn the usage and the syntax of a particular software package.

   As WIMS uses the html standard for user interface, a user, in particular a student, has only to use his usual knowledge of html browsing (which is now a common knowledge), in order to work on WIMS applications.
   This is not the case for any of current mathematics softwares; all of them require a training period before the user can work on it. This training period may be more or less lengthy, but we remark that the knowledge of using a particular software is not a universal knowledge, and such a knowledge usually has a short lifespan. Moreover, teaching knowledge about a commercial software contradicts with the principle of commercial neutrality of a public education institution.

3. It provides a means to collect the knowledge and experience of the whole educational community.

   WIMS is a modular system, where each application is a separated module whose links with other modules are done in the usual html way. This allows modules to be developped independently and remotely. It is our hope that as many educators as possible will add their knowledge and experience to the system by contributions in the form of new modules or improvements of existing ones.

4. It allows student - teacher interactions in several ways.

   Organized under the structure of classes, a WIMS system allows teacher to assign works for his students, and get reliable informations about the progress (and/or difficulty) of the student in real time. This may allow the teacher to give more personalised guide to the student. The big advantage of such a system based on internet is that there is no site restriction: any work done from any site (local or remote) is valid, and is taken into account.

5. It provides a dynamic interaction between different components, e.g. between exercises and computing tools.

   For example, practically no software dedicated to exercises can interface a computational tool as easily as WIMS does.

6. It can be more powerful than any given software for certain works.

   Because WIMS can use different (dedicated) software as backend engine, even several softwares for one application or one request.

Disadvantage of WIMS versus locally installed softwares

1. Low speed of reaction.

   Because usually every WIMS response has to travel through internet. This will improve when internet speed improves.

2. Limited computational power and programming capability.

   If a user has a heavy computational job and/or has to design a complicated script to get his job done, he should work directly on the appropriate software. It is not at all the intention of WIMS to interface such activities.

3. Limited capability of the graphical interface.

   The html graphical user interface is not very suited for interactive works.

Advantage of WIMS versus hand calculators

1. Easier to use.

   A html page used by WIMS for user interface is much more comprehensible than any hand calculator.

2. (Much) more powerful.

Disadvantage of WIMS versus hand calculators

1. Non-portability.

   WIMS is accessible only to computers connected to internet.

Advantage of WIMS versus interactive web applications based only on java or javascript

1. More powerful and more versatile.

   As WIMS can embed java or javascript programs in its applications, a wisely designed WIMS application just extends the capability of java or javascript.
   And WIMS can really do more: even if it is theoretically possible to develop java applications which has the same power as a software used as a backend engine for WIMS, it would take too much effort to develop (is it reasonable to re-write TeX in java?), and would be so big that it would take forever for an http query to load.

2. Easier to develop.

   Because WIMS language is first based on html (easy to learn), with an extension specifically designed for this purpose.

3. Allows student-supervisor interaction.

   The design of server-based interactivity for users allows the back-end communication with supervisors, and much more (performance analysis, automatic intervention from supervisors, etc).

Disadvantage of WIMS versus interactive web applications based on java or javascript

1. Lower speed of reaction.

   Because usually every WIMS response has to travel through internet. This will improve when internet speed improves. One can also use embedded javascript or java in a WIMS application, in places where response speed is important.

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Current features of WIMS

1. Write html pages with a programmability extension: substitution of variables, conditional branching, etc.

   This wims programmability extension to html does not require any addon or plugin at the browser side, as all the wims commands are treated by the wims server before sending the result to the browser, which will be a standard html page.
   For example, this allows you to define style macros which can be dynamically changed.
   And this extension can cohabit with all the current (and hopefully future) html standards, including java applets, javascripts, embedded objects, dhtml... This is because the wims extension follows a strict line discipline (i.e. a wims command must start at the first word of a line), while html standard is not line-oriented.
   This means that you can even embed wims extensions into javascripts, applets, dhtml...

2. Dynamic insertions of paints, plots and TeX formatted mathematical formulas into html pages.

   For example, you may insert the following line into your wims-extended html page. At the browser side, the visitor will see a TeX formatted matrix whose content varies with the value of the variable $matrix:

         !instex $$ \left( $matrix \right) $$

   Moreover, this implementation of dynamic insertions makes future updates possible without modification at module's level. (For example when a better way to render mathematical formula is available, a simple modification at server's level will immediately let all !instex lines take benefit of the new standard.)

3. Insplot is now animated!

   Exemple: the tool Tracés Animés .

4. Direct interfaces to powerful external software packages.

   For example, you may define a variable `factor' by the following line:

         factor=!exec pari print(factor($number))

   Upon execution of this line, the variable will be replaced by its current value, then the software package `PARI' will be called with the string `print(factor(<value of $number>))' as command to execute. The output of the program, with the overheads stripped, will be placed as the value of the variable `factor'.
   Interfaces provided in version 4.27a of wims: PARI, Maxima, MuPAD, Coq, Povray, gnuplot, PostgreSQL, Fly (gif drawing), CALC (by Keith Matthew).

5. Simple and versatile language.

   The language used for wims modules is an extension of the existing and popular html language. This extension is designed to be simple, easy to use and close to natural language. Synonymes are accepted whenever necessary. For example, to include the content of another file, you don't have to remember whether the command is include as in C, or input as in TeX, because both are valid.

6. Convenient directives for string manipulations:

   replace with regular expression capability, extraction of a subset from a list of items, shuffle, evaluation of mathematical expressions, etc.

7. Easy inline mathematical symbols:

   simply type $m_pi for , $m_RR for , $m_le for , $m_Rightarrow for , etc.

8. Intelligent treatment of mathematical expressions:

   built-in translation routines to allow error-tolerant expressions like 2y (instead of 2*y) or (x+1)(x-1) (instead of (x+1)*(x-1)), and translations of raw mathematical expressions into beautified html sources (x^3-3*x^2+1*x-5 will become x³-3x²+x-5 , etc.), or TeX sources, etc.

9. Powerful random capabilities:

   random permutation (shuffle), random record from a datafile, random filename, etc.

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Online development of activities

The easiest is the creation of simple interactive exercises which does not really require the knowledge about a computer language, but exercises that can be written in this way have limited power and versatility.

On the other hand, you can also develop full-power WIMS modules by working entirely on line. For obvious security reasons, you will need a login/password pair which you must ask the site manager to attribute to you. Once logged in, you can create and modify as many modules as you like, in a special development zone. When you have finished the development of a module, you can ask the site manager to move it to a public place.

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Basic structure of WIMS

1. Call the module asked by the user, and process parameters and variables according to what is defined in the module.
2. Session management.
3. Send the result of the process to the user.
4. Write to different log files.

Modules of WIMS

A WIMS server is a modular system, with different applications as modules. At each new call to WIMS, the user has to specify which module he wants to access.

A WIMS module may be an interactive course or interactive exercise (of any level), a computational tool, a dictionary, a mathematical game, a database, or a mixture of the above.

WIMS modules are independent from each other. Each module has its own directory, which serves as its address, and contains all the files of this module. Different modules have different authors and different maintainers, and may follow different copyright policies.

There is no relation between modules in a same WIMS site, except hypertext links which allows one module to access another in various ways.

How to access a WIMS server

https://wims.univ-cotedazur.fr/wims/wims.cgi

which usually should be followed by parameters. A call to the main wims.cgi program without parameter will bring up the WIMS homepage of the site.

Parameters of wims.cgi is a usual http name=value pair, where the name field may be one of the following:

• cmd: the value is the command of the call. Valid commands:
  

  Parameter string	Meaning
  cmd=intro	get introduction page of the module
  cmd=new	open new working session
  cmd=renew	restart working session
  cmd=reply	send reply to the module
  cmd=next	get next exercise (in a working session)
  cmd=config	set preferences
  cmd=help	get contextual help
  cmd=hint	get contextual hint
  cmd=resume	resume work (e.g. after help)
  cmd=getins	get dynamic insertions: internal use by the server. Not to be used by modules.

  
  
• module. the value is the name of the module which the user wants to access.
• session: the value is the number of the current session of the user.
  The session number is automatically generated by wims.cgi, and is usually automatically contained in the pages sent by the server. Tampering with this parameter by the user (e.g. in order to spy into others' work) is not allowed and has practically no chance to get through.
• lang: the value defines the prefered language of the user.
• user: the value is the user name (for registered users; reserved for internal use).
• useropts: the value contains user options for the server. The format is coded and may vary from version to version.
• worksheet: reserved for internal use, for determining user works assigned by worksheets.
• special_parm: this parameter is reserved for special requests (help, etc).
• Any variables accepted by the module the user is working on (or wants to work on).

https://wims.univ-cotedazur.fr/~wims/wims.cgi?cmd=new&+module=tool/algebra/factor.en

How to use the supervisor-side interface

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Structure of a WIMS module

Each WIMS module has a private home directory in which go all the files of this module.

• A variable definition file var.def.

  This file defines external variables of the module. A parameter given by the user must have a name declared in this file, except parameter names reserved by WIMS (cmd, session, module, ...). And exactly variables declared in this file will be saved in the session directory (to be recalled at the next request from the same session).

• A variable processing file var.proc.

  This file is processed at EACH request of the module (except special requests: when cmd=intro or getins).

• A main phtml file main.phtml.

  This file will be processed at avery request to the module, except under special commands (when cmd=intro or getins).

• An indexing file INDEX, which defines the application's nature.

  This file will be used by WIMS database for searching available modules.

And it may often contain the following (optional) files too:

• A variable initialisation file var.init.

  This file has the same syntax as the file var.proc, and is processed exactly at requests with cmd=new or cmd=renew.

• A introductory page intro.phtml.

  This is a phtml file, which is processed when the module is accessed with cmd=intro. It is usually used to introduce the content of the module, and to let the user choose starting options.

There may be any number of other files, like a README.md file, one or more help pages, an about page, one or more graphics files, files called by one of the above mandatory or optional files, etc.

Variable processing files

The files var.init and var.proc, as well as any files called by these two files, are variable processing files.

A variable processing file is divided into lines, separated by non-escaped new-line characters. A new-line character can be escaped by the character \, in which case it does not separate the two lines before and after it.

1. A comment line, whose first non-space character is either the character #, or ! followed by another !.
2. A variable definition line, in the form of name=value. The content of value may be a string (if this string contains a new-line character, it must be escaped by the character \), or a WIMS variable command (which must then start with the character !).
3. A command line, whose first non-space character is the character !, followed by the command name and optional parameters.
   If the command produces an output string, this output will be ignored.
4. A label line, whose first non-space character is the character :, followed by the name of the label. Anything following the label name will be considered as comment and ignored by the interpreter.
   Label is used in conjunction with the jumping command !goto.
   A label starting with the character '*' is catch-all, matching any !goto label.
5. Any line not fitting into one of the above 4 will generate a WIMS error message.

Phtml files

The files main.phtml and intro.phtml, as well as any files called by these two files, are phtml files (programmable html).

A phtml file is an ordinary html file, except for lines whose first non-space character is a ! or a :.

Lines can be escaped by \, just as in the case of a variable processing file.

A line starting with : is a label line, as in the case of a variable processing file.

A line starting with ! is a command line, as in the case of a variable processing file. To the difference that if the command produces an output string, this output will be inserted into the html page, at the place of the line.

Lines not of the above two types will be sent to the http client, after substitution of variables.

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Variables in a module

Definition and substitution of variables

A variable may be defined or modified in a variable processing file, or by the commands !let and !default.

Variable names can contain any alphanumeric character, as well as the underscore character _. There is a limit to the length of variable names, and a limit to the length of values. (Limits depending on server configuration.)

Variable substitution can be done anywhere in a variable processing file or a phtml file (even in the name field of a variable definition line). A word preceeded by the character $ is considered to be a variable name, and will be replaced by its value when the line containing it is processed.

Special rules of variable substitution:

• If the character $ is followed by a space, it will be discarded.
• The string $$ is replaced by a single $.
• If the character $ is followed by the left parenthesis (, the matching ) will be located, the content of the pair of parentheses substituted. The result of the substitution will then be used as the name of variable, and finally the whole thing will be replaced by the value of the last variable. This allows nested substitutions, as well as substitution of a variable which is followed by an alphanumeric character.
  Example: if the variable i has value 3 and the variable alpha3beta has value pi, the string

  3*$(alpha$(i)beta)*x

  will become

  3*pi*x

  after substitution.

  Array addressing: if the variable i contains a comma-separated list a,b,c,d,e, then the string $(i[3]) gives c after substitution, and $(i[2 to 4]) gives b,c,d, etc.

  Two-dimensional array addressing is also available: if

  $M=x,y,z;a,b,c

  (a 2x3 matrix), then

  $(M[1;3,2])=z,y

• If the character $ is followed by the left bracket [, the matching ] will be located, the content of the pair of brackets substituted then evaluated to a real number value whose precision depends on the value of print_precision. This value will replace the whole thing together with the leading $.
  It can be used for array subscripts.
  Example: if the variable i has value 3 and the variables
  a1 has value 3 and
  a2 has value pi,
  then the string

    $(a$[$i-1])*x+$(a$[$i-2])

  will become

    pi*x+3

  after substitution.
• If the value of a variable being substituted contains the character $, this value will again be substituted, until no more substitution is needed. The server has a built-in limit of nested substitutions; infinite nested substitions will violate this limit and generate an error message.

Reserved variable names

• Do not use variables with names consisting only of numbers. They are reserved for future enhancements of the language.
• Variables named cmd, module, session, lang, special_parm, user, useropts, worksheet, are reserved for special parameter passed by the user. A module's variable processing file or phtml file can read but cannot set them.
  Refer to the section Basic structure of WIMS for the meaning of these variables.
• The variable no_name has a special use:
  Parameters in the user query string with no name (for example when the coordinate of a mappable image is passed this way to the http server) will be registered under this variable. For this reason, it should not be used for other purposes.
• All variable names starting with wims_ will have special meanings for WIMS server. A module should read or write them only for the special meanings they are designed for.
• Variable names starting with m_ are reserved for inline mathematical fonts. The module programmer may redefine them, but then their original meaning will be lost.
• The variable module_dir has a value preset to the directory of the current module (with respect to the public home directory of the server). This value is usually $module_dir=module/$module (but may vary with the config of the installation).
• Variable names starting with module_ will have special meanings: they are used to hold variables defined in the module's INDEX file. Currently implemented variables:
  

  Variables	Meaning
  module_title	title of the module
  module_description	short description of the module
  module_author	name(s) of author(s) of the module
  module_address	e-mail address of the (principal) author
  module_maintainer	name of the current maintainer
  module_maintainer_address	e-mail address of the maintainer
  module_copyright	copyright notice of the module
  module_version	current version of the module
  module_wims_version	minimal WIMS version required to run this module
  module_dir	address of the module to use inside the module for example to insert an image loaded in a subdirectory of the module
  module_language	language of the module (en, fr, de, or ...)
  module_category	category of the module (exercise, tool, course, pedia, recreation, adm, other)
  module_level	level of the module
  module_domain	algebra, analysis, geometry, ...
  module_keywords	keywords, to be placed in the html header
  module_scoring	= yes if the module gives scores according to WIMS standard
  module_data	address of datamodule

  
  Also, variables module_has_intro, module_has_help and module_has_about have value "yes" if the module's directory contains the respective .phtml file. These variables are used in the command !homeref.
• Some environment variables setup by httpd are readable by WIMS modules under names starting with httpd_. For example, the environment variable REMOTE_HOST becomes httpd_REMOTE_HOST under WIMS.
  Please refer to httpd protocol specifications for details of such variables.
• All variable names starting with ins_, insplot_, instex_ will have special meanings for the corresponding dynamic insertion engines. A module should read or write them only for the special meanings they are designed for.
• If your module uses an external package (e.g. pari), variable names starting with the name of the interface to that external package followed by _ will have special meanings for that interface, and should be reserved for that purpose.

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Variables with special meanings

  ins_attr = alt="meaning"

  ins_attr = align=middle

  ins_attr = ismap

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Data structure

Arrays

Fields in a string

• As a list of words, separated by white-space characters. Consecutive white-spaces are considered as one field separator.
• As a list of lines, separated by new-line characters. Consecutive new-lines are considered as separating empty lines.
• As a list of items, separated by commas ( , ). Consecutive commas are considered as separating empty items.

This section is not yet finished. Sorry.

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List of commands

WIMS commands can be used in variable processing files and phtml files. A command is a word preceeded by the character !.

Commands has two types:

• Execution commands, which are placed as the first word of a line.
• Variable commands, which are placed at the beginning of a definition of a variable.

Some commands can be used both as execution command and as variable command.

Commands may accept parameters which are words following it. Parameter fields are separated by white spaces or special words (depending on the command).

Here is the list of all commands.

• append

  Type: both execution and variable command
  Syntax: !append object s1 to str
  Meaning: String manipulation: append object s1 to the string str; object may be item, word, line, colon or semicolon. The object s1 should not be empty before evaluation.

• bound

  Type: execution command
  Syntax: !bound vname between [integer] v1 and v2 [default defaultvalue]
  !bound vname within list [default defaultvalue]
  Meaning: bound the range of the variable vname. Usually this is used on user-submitted variables.
  The first syntax is usually for numerical variables (integer or real, defaults to real). In this case v1 and v2 supplies the lower and upper bounds for the value of vname.
  In the second syntax, the value of vname is compared with each item of list. If no occurrence is found, the value of vname is replaced either by defaultvalue or the first item of list, according to whether defaultvalue is defined.
  In any case, defaultvalue is optional.

• nocache

  Type: execution command; only for trusted modules (in particular administrative modules).
  Syntax: !nocache

• changeto

  Type: execution command
  Syntax: !changeto file [parm]
  Meaning: Abandon the current file, changing processing to file. file is as in read.
  The parameter parm can be accessed from within the new file under the variable name wims_read_parm.

• char

  Type: both execution and variable command
  Syntax: !char numlist of string
  Aliases: chars
  Meaning: Outputs selected characters of string, according to numlist.

  numlist can be a single integer, a comma-separated list of integers, or a range of integers.
  A positive integer denotes the number of character in string counted from the beginning, with 1 corresponding to the first character. A negative integer denotes the number of character from the end of string: -1 means the last character, -2 means the next-to-last character, etc.

  The syntax for a range of integers is n1 to n2. For example, 2 to -2 means the whole string except the first and the last characters.

• charcnt

  Type: variable command
  Syntax: !charcnt string
  Aliases: charcount, charno, charnum, lengthof
  Meaning: Returns the number of characters in string.

• checkallpar

  Type: only for trusted modules (in particular administrative modules).
  Syntax: !checkallpar string
  Meaning: check if parentheses (all types) are balanced in string and return yes if it is the case and no if not.

• checkdata

  Type: variable command
  Syntax: !checkdata
  Aliases: checkdatamodule
  Meaning: This command is used to check whether datamodules required by the present module are installed on the server. It returns "yes" if every required datamodule is installed or if no datamodule is required. Otherwise it returns the address of the first missing datamodule.

  If your module depends on datamodules to run, declare them in the INDEX file, then use this command to check the presence of the datamodules. If the answer is "no", you can take actions to lock further access to your module and/or show error messages.

• checkhost

  Type: both execution and variable command; only for trusted modules (in particular administrative modules).
  Syntax: !checkhost

• column

  Type: both execution and variable command
  Syntax: !column numlist of string
  Aliases: columns
  Meaning: Outputs selected (comma-separated) columns of a matrix string, according to numlist. Rows of the matrix can be separated either by new lines or by semi-colon ;.

  numlist can be a single integer, a comma-separated list of integers, or a range of integers.
  A positive integer denotes the number of column in string counted from the beginning, with 1 corresponding to the first column. A negative integer denotes the number of column from the end of string: -1 means the last column, -2 means the next-to-last column, etc.

  The syntax for a range of integers is n1 to n2. For example, 2 to -2 means the whole string except the first and the last columns.

  The output is separated by commas if only one column is selected, or separated in the same way as the matrix string otherwise.

• comment

  Type: only for trusted modules (in particular administrative modules).
  Syntax: !comment
  Aliases: rem remark

• date

  Type: both execution and variable command
  Syntax: !date parm
  Meaning: This is simply an interface to the Linux date utility. parm is the parameter string to the Linux command date, please refer to the man page of date for its syntax. The command returns the output of the date utility.

• deaccent

  Type: both execution and variable command
  Syntax: !deaccent string
  Meaning: Returns string with all accented letters (such as é, à, ï) folded to their unaccented counterparts.

• debug

  Type: both execution and variable command
  Syntax: !debug parms
  Meaning: This command is for debugging purposes: it substitutes the parameter parms, and stops the execution with a module error sent to the user. The content of the error message contains the result of the substitution.

• declosing

  Type: both execution and variable command
  Syntax: !declosing string
  Meaning: Strips off enclosing pair of parentheses ((),[],{}) in string. Useful for treatment of user-input vectors or sets, where some users use enclosing parentheses and other do not.

• default

  Type: execution command
  Syntax: !default name=value
  Meaning: put value into the variable name, if name is not already defined. value may be a variable command (together with optional parameters).

• defof

  Type: both execution and variable command
  Syntax: !defof vname in fname
  Aliases: definitionof, getdef
  Meaning: Returns the definition of variables vname in the file fname.

  When vname contains several names, the values of each will be returned with the same separators as for the names.

• detag

  Type: both execution and variable command
  Syntax: !detag string
  Meaning: Removes html tags in string. It is very rudimentary and should be used with care. Very useful for security enhancement in some occasions (apply to user-supplied strings).

• detrust

  Type: only for trusted modules (in particular administrative modules).
  Syntax: !detrust
  Aliases: distrust

• distribute

  Type: execution command
  Syntax: !distribute type string into namelist
  Meaning: Distribute the content of string into variables namelist. The distribution can be done word by word, item by item, character by character or line by line, according to the word type where type can be one of the following: words, items, lines, chars.

  For example, if type is words, then the first (resp. second, etc.) variable in namelist will be set to the first (resp. second, etc.) word of string.

• embraced

  Type: both execution and variable command
  Syntax: !embraced opword string
  Meaning: executes an operation opword in each substring of string enclosed in a pair of curly braces.

  The curly braces in string can be nested, but the execution runs from outmost pair to innermost pair.

  Available opword:

  • randitem. Random item in every embraced text.
  • randrow. Random row in every embraced text.
  • linkedranditem. Random item in every embraced text such that for each level of curly braces, the position of the choosen item is the same.
  • extract. Extracts the first (outmost) embraced text.
  • delete. Deletes all embraced contents (encluding the curly braces).

• eval

  Type: variable command
  Syntax: !eval expr
  Aliases: evalue
  Meaning: Returns the numerical value of the expression expr. expr must evaluate to a real number (under the current version of wims). The evaluation is internally done in double precision, but the print precision can be changed by setting the variable wims_print_precision (whose default value is 8).
  If an error is found in the expression expr, 0 is returned. (I know that this is very bad; I just have no time to make everything right.)

• evalsubst

  Type: both execution and variable command
  Syntax: !evalsubst name=val in expr
  Aliases: evalsubstit, evalsubstitute, evaluesubst, evaluesubstit, evaluesubstitute
  Meaning: Manipulation of mathematical expressions: substitute variable name by val in expr, then evaluate the expression to a real number. No regular expression is allowed in name.
  See also the commands !mathsubst, !replace.

• examscore

  Type: both execution and variable command
  Syntax: !examscore

• exchange

  Type: execution command
  Syntax: !exchange var1 and var2
  !exchange var1, var2
  Meaning: Exchanges the values of the variables var1 and var2.

• exec

  Type: both execution and variable command
  Syntax: !exec command parms
  Aliases: execute, run, call
  Meaning: execute external command command with optional parameters parms. command must be a valid program name in the wims-public directory bin.
  When used as variable command, returns the output of the called program.

• exit

  Type: execution command
  Syntax: !exit
  Aliases: return
  Meaning: Abandon the current file. If current file is called by another file, return to the latter.

• fileappend

  Type: execution command
  Syntax: !fileappend fname content
  Aliases: appendfile
  Meaning: Append content to file fname. fname is a file residing in directory of the module, under the subdirectory writable.
  A new line will be added at the end of the content.

  Special case: if the file name starts with getfile/, the file is written to the getfile subdirectory of the session. This file is then accessible via the command

  !href cmd=getfile&special_parm=fname_without_getfile_prefix

  or a complete url

  $wims_ref_name?session=$session&+cmd=getfile&+special_parm=fname_without_getfile_prefix

• fileexists

  Type: variable command
  Syntax: !fileexists file
  Aliases: filexists
  Meaning: return yes if file is a file in the base directory public_html in the case of a non trusted module. If the command is executed from a trusted module, file may be of the form wimshome/address. For example,

  !fileexists themes/standard/_procs/tt.phtml

  or for a trusted module,

  !fileexists wimshome/log/classes/2001/Exindex

• filewrite

  Type: execution command
  Syntax: !filewrite fname content
  Aliases: writefile
  Meaning: Write content to file fname. fname is a file residing in the module's directory, under the subdirectory writable.
  A new-line character will be added at the end of the content.

  Special case: if the file name starts with getfile, the file is written to the getfile subdirectory of the session. This file is then accessible via the command

  !href cmd=getfile&special_parm=fname_without_getfile_prefix

  , or a complete url

  $wims_ref_name?session=$session&+cmd=getfile&+special_parm=fname_without_getfile_prefix

• for

  Type: execution command
  Syntax: !for var = start to end [step st ]
  !for var from start to end [step st ]
  !for var in list
  
  ... (multi-line content)
  
  !next
  Meaning: For loop. In the first two forms, var goes from start to end, with optional step st.
  In the last form, var takes successively items in the list list. list is a list of items separated by commas.
  The command

  !break

  within the for loop breaks it. continue is not yet implemented in this version.
  It is recommended that the variable name var be added to the !next line. This has no effect for the time being, but may be used in future versions of wims.

• form

  Type: execution command
  Syntax: !form cmdvar
  Meaning: Creates a html form pointing to the wims server.
  Whenever possible, this command should be used instead of a direct use of html tag <form>.
  This command will create a <form> tag pointing to the wims server, adding <input> fields to pass session number (and other reserved things in the future). In lines which follow, other input (or select) fields may be added to the form. A final !formend must also be added by the programmer.
  cmdvar is an optional parameter. Its value should be a valid value for the variable cmd. In this case the value cmdvar will be automatically submitted to the variable cmd. If this parameter is missing or is invalid, then the programmer should add a <input type="hidden" name="cmd" value="..." /> tag before the final </form>.

  The target of the form can be controlled by the variable wims_ref_target. It can also be defined via an optional word target=.... Note that in this case the target must start with wims_.

  The variable wims_form_method which must be either get or post controls the method of the form. This method defaults to post for tool modules, and to get for all other modules.

• formbar

  Type: execution command
  Syntax: !formbar name from n1 to n2
  !formbar name list selectlist
  Aliases: formradiobar, htmlbar, htmlradiobar
  Meaning: Creates a bar of radio buttons under a previously defined html form.
  This bar should be arranged to represent values from small to big. No prompt is given to the user, except the indication that left is smaller. In the parameters, name defines the name field of the menu, and the values of the menu are either integers going from n1 to n2 (in the first syntax), or items in the list selectlist.
  The default of the menu will be the current value of the variable $name.

• formcheckbox

  Type: execution command
  Syntax: !formcheckbox name from n1 to n2 prompt promptlist
  !formcheckbox name list selectlist prompt promptlist
  Aliases: htmlcheckbox
  Meaning: Creates a checkbox list menu under a previously defined html form.
  This command speeds up the creation of checkboxed menus, as well as simplifies the source files. In the parameters, name defines the name field of the menu, and the values of the menu are either integers going from n1 to n2 (in the first syntax), or items in the list selectlist.
  The optional parameter promptlist can be used to generate user prompts for each items in the list. If promptlist is empty or is shorter than selectlist, the undefined prompts will be replaced by the value. If it is longer, the rest will be ignored.
  An id is created automatically, except if the variable wims_ref_id is specified just before. If the variable wims_html_mode has a value as div, li, td, the different items of the html form will be in the corresponding html environmment. If the variable wims_ref_class is non empty, the class of this html environment is the value of this variable. The default of the menu will be the current value of the variable $name.
  The variables wims_ref_id and wims_html_mode are reinitialized after the html form.
  Sample(s):

  Command	Result
  !formcheckbox varCHK1 from 1 to 3 prompt txt1,txt2,txt3	txt1, txt2, txt3
  !formcheckbox varCHK2 list a,b,c prompt txtA,txtB,txtC	txtA, txtB, txtC
  <ol> !set wims_html_mode=li !formcheckbox varCHK3 list apple,pear prompt &#x1f34e;,&#x1f350; </ol> <ul> !set wims_html_mode=li !formcheckbox varCHK4 list apple,pear prompt &#x1f34e;,&#x1f350; </ul>	🍎 🍐 🍎 🍐

• formend

  Type: execution command
  Syntax: !formend
  Meaning: Creates the balise which closes the form created by !form

• formradio

  Type: execution command
  Syntax: !formradio name from n1 to n2 prompt promptlist
  !formradio name list selectlist prompt promptlist
  Aliases: htmlradio
  Meaning: Creates a radio button list menu under a previously defined html form.
  This command speeds up the creation of radio buttoned menus, as well as simplifies the source files. In the parameters, name defines the name field of the menu, and the values of the menu are either integers going from n1 to n2 (in the first syntax), or items in the list selectlist.
  The optional parameter promptlist can be used to generate user prompts for each items in the list. If promptlist is empty or is shorter than selectlist, the undefined prompts will be replaced by the value. If it is longer, the rest will be ignored.
  The default of the menu will be the current value of the variable $name. An id is created automatically, except if the variable wims_ref_id is specified just before. If the variable wims_html_mode has a value as div, li, td, the different items of the html form will be in the corresponding html environmment. If the variable wims_ref_class is non empty, the class of this html environment is the value of this variable. The default of the menu will be the current value of the variable $name.
  The variables wims_ref_id and wims_html_mode are reinitialized after the html form.
  Sample(s):

  Command	Result
  !formradio quest1 list 0,1,2 prompt zero,one,two	zero, one, two
  !formradio quest2 from 0 to 2 prompt A,B,C	A, B, C
  !set wims_ref_id=quest3_0 !formradio quest3 list 0 prompt one choice	one choice
  <ol class="inline"> !set wims_html_mode=li !formradio varCHK3 list apple,pear prompt &#x1f34e;,&#x1f350; </ol> <ul> !set wims_html_mode=li !formradio varCHK4 list apple,pear prompt &#x1f34e;,&#x1f350; </ul>	🍎 🍐 🍎 🍐

• formselect

  Type: execution command
  Syntax: !formselect name from n1 to n2 prompt promptlist
  !formselect name list selectlist prompt promptlist
  Aliases: htmlselect
  Meaning: Creates a select menu under a previously defined html form.
  This command speeds up the creation of select menus, as well as simplifies the source files. In the parameters, name defines the name field of the menu, and the values of the menu are either integers going from n1 to n2 (in the first syntax), or items in the list selectlist.
  The optional parameter promptlist can be used to generate user prompts for each items in the list. If promptlist is empty or is shorter than selectlist, the undefined prompts will be replaced by the value. If it is longer, the rest will be ignored.
  The default of the menu will be the current value of the variable $name.
  The variable $wims_formselect_switch may be used to set switches (for example by letting wims_formselect_switch=multiple, the selection will be multiple.

• getscoreremain

  Type: both execution and variable command; only for trusted modules (in particular administrative modules).
  Syntax: !getscoreremain

• getfile

  Type: execution command; only for trusted modules (in particular administrative modules).
  Syntax: !getfile filename [prompt]
  Aliases: outfile, fileout
  Meaning: Creates a hypertext reference pointing to a specified file on the current wims session.
  Whenever possible, this command should be used instead of a direct use of html tag <a href="...">.
  filename is the file name to find in the /getfile directory of current session, which should not contain white spaces.
  prompt is an optional text on which the hypertext link sits. It can be any text or a <img...> tag, but dynamic insertions are not accepted yet.
  There is no need to add the end tag </a>.

  The CSS class (class='...') of the link can be controlled via the variable wims_ref_class.

  The title (title='...') of the link can be controlled via the variable wims_ref_title.

  The HTML ID (id='...') of the link can be controlled via the variable wims_ref_id.

• getopt

  Type: both execution and variable command
  Syntax: !getopt name in string
  Meaning: This command allows to extract the definition of a word in string under the form name=value.

  It returns the defined value in the string, or the name itself if it appears in string but if there is no = sign following it, or an empty string if name does not appear in string as a word.

  value can be a multi-word string, if it is enclosed by a pair of parentheses, brackets, curly braces or double quotes. The enclosing parentheses etc. will be removed from the output.

  Spaces are allowed before and/or after the = sign.

• getscore

  Type: both execution and variable command, only for trusted modules (in particular administrative modules).
  Syntax: !getscore [class=qclass] [user=quser] [sheet=qsheet] [work=qwork]
  Meaning: gather cumulative user score of an exercise (between 0 and score require of the exercise).

  • Default value for class is wims_class.
  • Default value for user is wims_user.
  • If no sheet id is specified, each line represents a sheet.
  • If no work id is specified, each word (of each line) represents an exercise.

  The command can be used in non administrative module if no user and no class is specified.

• getscorealltries

  Type: both execution and variable command; only for trusted modules (in particular administrative modules).
  Syntax: !getscorealltries [class=qclass] [user=quser] [sheet=qsheet] [work=qwork]
  Meaning: number of new launches of an exo (maybe without score).

  • Default value for class is wims_class.
  • Default value for user is wims_user.
  • If no sheet id is specified, each line represents a sheet.
  • If no work id is specified, each word (of each line) represents an exercise.

  The command can be used in non administrative module if no user and no class is specified.

• getscorebest

  Type: both execution and variable command; only for trusted modules (in particular administrative modules).
  Syntax: !getscorebest [class=qclass] [user=quser] [sheet=qsheet] [work=qwork]
  Meaning: if the required points are 10* N, cumulative points of the N best scores of an exercise.

  • Default value for class is wims_class.
  • Default value for user is wims_user.
  • If no sheet id is specified, each line represents a sheet.
  • If no work id is specified, each word (of each line) represents an exercise.

  The command can be used in non administrative module if no user and no class is specified.

• getscorelast

  Type: both execution and variable command; only for trusted modules (in particular administrative modules).
  Syntax: !getscorelast [class=qclass] [user=quser] [sheet=qsheet] [work=qwork]
  Meaning: user last score (over 10).

  • Default value for class is wims_class.
  • Default value for user is wims_user.
  • If no sheet id is specified, each line represents a sheet.
  • If no work id is specified, each word (of each line) represents an exercise.

  The command can be used in non administrative module if no user and no class is specified.

• getscorelevel

  Type: both execution and variable command; only for trusted modules (in particular administrative modules).
  Syntax: !getscorelevel [class=qclass] [user=quser] [sheet=qsheet] [work=qwork]
  Meaning: if the required points are 10* N, the minimal score of the N best scores of an exercise (0 if less than N tries with score).

  • Default value for class is wims_class.
  • Default value for user is wims_user.
  • If no sheet id is specified, each line represents a sheet.
  • If no work id is specified, each word (of each line) represents an exercise.

  The command can be used in non administrative module if no user and no class is specified.

• getscoremean

  Type: both execution and variable command; only for trusted modules (in particular administrative modules).
  Syntax: !getscoremean
  Aliases: getscorequality
  Meaning: gather user score average.

• getscorepercent

  Type: both execution and variable command; only for trusted modules (in particular administrative modules).
  Syntax: !getscorepercent [user=quser] [class=qclass] [sheet=qsheet]
  Meaning: summary for work done for each exercise of a sheet. The output is four word score mean best level:

  • score : sum of cumulative_points of each exercises of the sheet (limited by required points of each) divided by sum of required_points of all exercises of the sheet (integer between 0 and 100)
  • mean : average of score for all score (between 0 and 10);
  • best : average of best score for each exercices of the sheet (integer between 0 and 100). see command getscorebest for meaning of best score of an exercise;
  • level : average of minimum score for each exercice of the sheet (integer between 0 and 100). See command getscorelevel for meaning of minimum score of an exercise.

  • Default value for class is wims_class.
  • Default value for user is wims_user.
  • If no sheet id is specified, each line represents a sheet.

• getscorequality

  Type: both execution and variable command; only for trusted modules (in particular administrative modules).
  Syntax: !getscorequality [class=qclass] [user=quser] [sheet=qsheet] [work=qwork]
  Aliases: getscoremean
  Meaning: average with oldfactor 0.85 of all tries score of an exercise.

  • Default value for class is wims_class.
  • Default value for user is wims_user.
  • If no sheet id is specified, each line represent a sheet.
  • If no work id is specified, each word (of each line) represents an exercise.

  The command can be used in non administrative module if no user and no class is specified.

• getscoreremain

  Type: both execution and variable command; only for trusted modules (in particular administrative modules).
  Syntax: !getscoreremain [class=qclass] [user=quser] [sheet=qsheet] [work=qwork]
  Meaning: gather remaining of score to get for user to have all requires points.

  • Default value for class is wims_class.
  • Default value for user is wims_user.
  • If no sheet id is specified, each line represents a sheet.
  • If no work id is specified, each word (of each line) represents an exercise.

  The command can be used in non administrative module if no user and no class is specified.

• getscorerequire

  Type: both execution and variable command; only for trusted modules (in particular administrative modules).
  Syntax: !getscorerequire [class=qclass] [user=quser] [sheet=qsheet] [work=qwork]
  Meaning: Require of exercises.

  • Default value for class is wims_class.
  • Default value for user is wims_user.
  • If no sheet id is specified, each line represents a sheet.
  • If no work id is specified, each word (of each line) represents an exercise.

  The command can be used in non administrative module if no user and no class is specified.

• getscorestatus

  Type: both execution and variable command; only for trusted modules (in particular administrative modules).
  Syntax: !getscorestatus [class=qclass] [user=quser] [sheet=qsheet] [work=qwork]
  Meaning: return yes if score registering for the current sheet is open and no if not. The restrictions done in the .security of the class are taken in account. The same is true for the technical variables attached to quser in qclass.

  • Default value for class is wims_class.
  • Default value for user is wims_user.

  The command can be used in non administrative module if no user and no class is specified. So it applies to the current wims_user and wims_class.

• getscoretry

  Type: both execution and variable command; only for trusted modules (in particular administrative modules).
  Syntax: !getscoretry [class=qclass] [user=quser] [sheet=qsheet] [work=qwork]
  Meaning: gather user score try numbers with score activated (only ended exercises with display of score count).

  • Default value for class is wims_class.
  • Default value for user is wims_user.
  • If no sheet id is specified, each line represent a sheet.
  • If no work id is specified, each word (of each line) represents an exercise.

  The command can be used in non administrative module if no user and no class is specified.

• getscoreweight

  Type: both execution and variable command; only for trusted modules (in particular administrative modules).
  Syntax: !getscoreweight [class=qclass] [user=quser] [sheet=qsheet] [work=qwork]
  Meaning: Score weight of exercise

  • Default value for class is wims_class.
  • Default value for user is wims_user.
  • If no sheet id is specified, each line represent a sheet.
  • If no work id is specified, each word (of each line) represents an exercise.

  The command can be used in non administrative module if no user and no class is specified.

• goto

  Type: execution command
  Syntax: !goto label
  Meaning: Unconditionally jump to label. label must be a valid label in the current file.

• header

  Type: execution command
  Syntax: !header parm
  Aliases: htmlheader, wimsheader
  Meaning: Standardized header for html page outputs. Includes the variable wims_html_header and the commands !headmenu and !title.

  parm is reserved for future implementation.

• header1

  Type: execution command; only for trusted modules (in particular administrative modules).
  Syntax: !header1

• headmenu

  Type: execution command
  Syntax: !headmenu
  Meaning: Creates a standardised menu bar, usually to be included on the top of the page.

• hex

  Type: both execution and variable command
  Syntax: !hex string
  Aliases: tohex
  Meaning: Returns a new string replacing every character in string by its hexadecimal code.

  In particular, the result can be used as part of a variable name whatever the content of string is (as long as it is not too long).

• homeref

  Type: execution command
  Syntax: !homeref parm
  Aliases: wimsref
  Meaning: Creates a standardised table of links to wims homepage (and eventually other things). parm is reserved for future implementation.

• href

  Type: execution command
  Syntax: !href parms text
  Meaning: Creates a hypertext reference pointing to the wims server.
  Whenever possible, this command should be used instead of a direct use of html tag <a href="...">.
  parms is the string of parameters to the call to wims server, which should not contain white spaces. Usually a cmd=... pair should be at least present; on the other hand, the session number and prefered language will be directly added by the server.
  text is the text on which the hypertext link sits. It can be any text or a <img...> tag, but dynamic insertions are not accepted yet.
  There is no need to add the end tag </a>.

  The target of the reference can be controlled via the variable wims_ref_target. It can also be defined via an optional word target=.... Note that in this case the target must start with wims_.

  The CSS class (class='...') of the link can be controlled via the variable wims_ref_class.

  The title (title='...') of the link can be controlled via the variable wims_ref_title.

  The HTML ID (id='...') of the link can be controlled via the variable wims_ref_id.

• html2iso

  Type: both execution and variable command
  Syntax: !html2iso string
  Meaning: Translate some html entities in isolatin in string. The list of translated entities

• htmlmath

  Type: both execution and variable command
  Syntax: !htmlmath expr
  Aliases: math2html
  Meaning: Translate the raw mathematical expression expr, into a form which can be best possibly rendered via html tags. If the expression is not a "machine-understandable mathematical expression", there is no garanty on the result (at the moment and in the future !).

  • All digits or + or - following a ^ or _ are considered as in exponent/subscript; expression with ( ) following a ^ or _ are considered as in exponent/subscript parenthesis are remove (if no sign before) except in case of exponent and only digits.
  • Get rid of 1*.. ..*1. example: in 1 * x, x/1, the 1 is removed.
  • Replace scientific notation 35E-05 by 10 power and add multiplication sign. Remove the + or 0 useless.
  • Replace some names as greek letters by their equivalents.
  • Remove * or replace by multiplication sign.
  • Replace <=, >=, ->, =>, <=> by their html equivalents if possible.

• if

  Type: execution command
  Syntax: !if string1 relation string2
  
  ... (multi-line content)
  
  [!else]
  
  ... (multi-line content)
  
  !endif
  Meaning: Conditional branching: execute the multi-line content between !if line and !endif line (or between !if line and !else line if !else is present) if relation is verified, and the potential lines between !else line and !endif line if relation is not verified. The leading and trailing spaces of string1 and string2 will be stripped before making comparisons.
  All comparisons are made on strings: string1 rel string2. Comparisons can be joined using and and or. Parentheses may be used to build complex comparison logics.
  

  Valid relations

  Relation	Condition
  ==	string1 == string2 string1 == string2	with if: true if string1 and string2 are identical. with ifval: true if the numerical evaluations of string1 and of string2 are equal.
  !=	string1 != string2 string1 <> string2	with if: true if string1 and string2 are NOT identical. with ifval: true if the numerical evaluations of string1 and of string2 are not equal.
  !=
  <	string1 < string2	true if (the numerical evaluation of) string1 is < string2.
  <=	string1 <= string2	true if (the numerical evaluation of) string1 is string2.
  >	string1 > string2	true if (the numerical evaluation of) string1 is > string2.
  >=	string1 >= string2	true if (the numerical evaluation of) string1 is string2.
  isin	string1 isin string2	true if string1 is a substring of string2.
  notin	string1 notin string2	true if string1 is NOT a substring of string2.
  iswordof	string1 iswordof string2	true if string1 is a word of string2.
  notwordof	string1 notwordof string2	true if string1 is NOT a word of string2.
  isvarof	string1 isvarof string2	true if string1 is a (mathematical) variable of the expression string2.
  notvarof	string1 notvarof string2	true if string1 is NOT a (mathematical) variable of the expression string2.
  isvariableof	string1 isvariableof string2	true if string1 is a (mathematical) variable of the expression string2.
  notvariableof	string1 notvariableof string2	true if string1 is NOT a (mathematical) variable of the expression string2.
  isitemof	string1 isitemof string2	true if string1 is an item of the list string2.
  notitemof	string1 notitemof string2	true if string1 is NOT an item of the list string2.
  islineof	string1 islineof string2	true if string1 is a line of the list string2.
  notlineof	string1 notlineof string2	true if string1 is NOT a line of the list string2.
  issamecase	string1 issamecase string2	true if string1 and string2 are the same text by a comparison insensitive to multiple spaces but case-sensitive.
  notsamecase	string1 notsamecase string2	true if string1 and string2 are NOT the same text by a comparison nsensitive to multiple spaces but case-sensitive.
  issametext	string1 issametext string2	true if string1 and string2 are the same text by a comparison insensitive to cases, multiple spaces and accented letters.
  notsametext	string1 notsametext string2	true if string1 and string2 are NOT the same text by a comparison insensitive to cases, multiple spaces and accented letters.

  
  

• ifval

  Type: execution command
  Syntax: !ifval string1 relation string2
  
  ... (multi-line content)
  
  !endif
  Meaning: Same as if, but = (==), != compares the numerical values of string1 and string2 rather than the strings themselves.

• imgrename

  Type: both execution and variable command; only for trusted modules (in particular administrative modules).
  Syntax: !imgrename

• increase

  Type: execution command
  Syntax: !increase var
  Aliases: advance
  Meaning: Increase the value of var by one. The value of var is first rounded to an integer.

• insdraw

  Type: execution command (only valid for phtml files)
  Syntax: !insdraw drawsource
  Aliases: inspaint
  Meaning: The server will call a paint program (flydraw), submit drawsource as its command (with variables substituted), and insert the result into the page.

• insmath

  Type: execution command (only valid for phtml files)
  Syntax: !insmath formula
  Meaning: According to the complicatedness of formula, the server will either render it as beautifully as possible using html tags, or translate formula into TeX source then call TeX to compile and finally transform the TeX result into a picture. The latter is inserted into the page (at the place of the command).
  If the user browser knows mathml, then the formula is simply translated into mathml and sent to the browser. What is done is the following:

  • replace .. by ,
  • If there is no \ or { , apply rawmath if it is asked;
  • If there is no \ or { , apply texmath if there is some computer matrix [1,2;4,5] or if there is a word as "sqrt int integrate sum prod product Int Sum Prod conj abs" or if there is some / in the formula.
  • send it to instex (gifs) or to mathml or do nothing more according to ...

• insplot

  Type: execution command (only valid for phtml files)
  Syntax: !insplot plotsource
  Meaning: The server program will call an external plotting program (gnuplot for the current version), submit plotsource as the 2D plot command (with variables substituted), and insert the result into the page.
  The syntax of plotsource is that of the plot command of gnuplot.

• insplot3d

  Type: execution command (only valid for phtml files)
  Syntax: !insplot3d plotsource
  Meaning: As for insplot, but plotsource is in the syntax of the splot command of gnuplot, and a 3D surface will be plotted.

• instex

  Type: execution command (only valid for phtml files)
  Syntax: !instex texsource
  Meaning: The server program will call TeX to process the (plain) TeX source texsource (after variable substitution), translate the result into a picture, and insert it into the page (at the place of the command).
  A tip: avoid using substituted variables in texsource whenever possible. In this case WIMS will use static instex, improving performance dramatically over dynamic instex.
  The font color of the inserted text can be controled either by the variable instex_color, or by a \special{color=...} string in the texsource.

• instexstatic

  Type: execution command (only valid for phtml files)
  Syntax: !instexstatic gifname texsource
  Aliases: instexst, staticinstex, stinstex
  Meaning: This command is obsolete, and will be dropped in future versions. Use !instex instead.

• item

  Type: both execution and variable command
  Syntax: !item numlist of string
  Aliases: items
  Meaning: Outputs selected (comma-separated) items of string, according to numlist.

  numlist can be a single integer, a comma-separated list of integers, or a range of integers.
  A positive integer denotes the number of item in string counted from the beginning, with 1 corresponding to the first item. A negative integer denotes the number of item from the end of string: -1 means the last item, -2 means the next-to-last item, etc.

  The syntax for a range of integers is n1 to n2. For example, 2 to -2 means the whole string except the first and the last items.

• itemcnt

  Type: variable command
  Syntax: !itemcnt list
  Aliases: itemcount, itemno, itemnum
  Meaning: Returns the number of items in list.

• items2lines

  Type: both execution and variable command
  Syntax: !items2lines string
  Aliases: itemstolines, list2lines, listtolines
  Meaning: This command changes multiple items in string into multiple lines.

• items2words

  Type: both execution and variable command
  Syntax: !items2words string
  Aliases: itemstowords, list2words, listtowords
  Meaning: This command changes multiple items in string into multiple words.

• let

  Type: execution command
  Syntax: !let name=value
  Aliases: def, define, set
  Meaning: put value into the variable name. value may be a variable command (together with optional parameters).

• leveldata

  Type: both execution and variable command
  Syntax: !leveldata size xsize,ysize ranges x1,x2,y1,y2 function f(x,y) [levels l1,l2,...]
  Aliases: levelpoints
  Meaning: Computes coordinates of points on the level curve of f(x,y), at levels l1,l2,... (defaults to one level 0).

  The computation is made from (x1,y1) to (x2,y2), and points are computed as integer positions in a picture with size xsize,ysize.

  Order of the fields is not important. All the fields except levels are mandatory.

• line

  Type: both execution and variable command
  Syntax: !line numlist of string
  Aliases: lines
  Meaning: Outputs selected lines of string, according to numlist.

  numlist can be a single integer, a comma-separated list of integers, or a range of integers.
  A positive integer denotes the number of line in string counted from the beginning, with 1 corresponding to the first line. A negative integer denotes the number of line from the end of string: -1 means the last line, -2 means the next-to-last line, etc.

  The syntax for a range of integers is n1 to n2. For example, 2 to -2 means the whole string except the first and the last lines.

• linecnt

  Type: variable command
  Syntax: !linecnt string
  Aliases: linecount, lineno, linenum
  Meaning: Returns the number of lines in string.

• lines2items

  Type: both execution and variable command
  Syntax: !lines2items string
  Aliases: linestoitems, lines2list, linestolist
  Meaning: This command changes multiple lines in string into multiple items.

• lines2rows

  Type: both execution and variable command
  Syntax: !lines2rows string
  Meaning: This command changes multiple lines in string into rows (the separator is the semicolon).

• lines2words

  Type: both execution and variable command
  Syntax: !lines2words string
  Aliases: linestowords
  Meaning: This command changes multiple lines in string into multiple words.

• listcomplement

  Type: both execution and variable command
  Syntax: !listcomplement list1 in list2
  Meaning: Returns items appearing in list2 but not in list1. Repetitive occurrences are eliminated.

• listfile

  Type: both execution and variable command; only for trusted modules (in particular administrative modules).
  Syntax: !listfile filespec
  Aliases: listfiles, filelist, ls, dir
  Meaning: list files specified in filespec. Options to Linux command ls are accepted. The base directory is the base of the wims server. So if you want to list files in the current module, type

  !listfile $module_dir

• listintersect

  Type: both execution and variable command
  Syntax: !listintersect list1 and list2
  Aliases: listintersection
  Meaning: Returns items appearing in both list1 and list2. Repetitive occurrences are eliminated.

• listunion

  Type: both execution and variable command
  Syntax: !listunion list1 and list2
  Meaning: Returns items appearing in either list1 or list2. Repetitive occurrences are eliminated.

• listuniq

  Type: both execution and variable command
  Syntax: !listuniq list
  Aliases: listunique
  Meaning: Returns items in list, with repetitive occurrences eliminated.

• lookup

  Type: both execution and variable command
  Syntax: !lookup defname in fname
  Meaning: Returns the definition of word defname in the file fname which must be a dictionary file in the same syntax as for the program translator (not necessarily sorted).
  fname may be either in the module directory (in this case the module directory need not be specified), or in the directory bases.

• lower

  Type: both execution and variable command
  Syntax: !lower string
  Aliases: lowercase, tolower
  Meaning: Returns string with all upper case letters replaced by their lowercase counterparts.

• mailto

  Type: execution command; only for trusted modules (in particular administrative modules).
  Syntax: !mailto ...
  Meaning: sends an email to a person whose address is the first line of the parameter. The second line (optional) is the sender The third line is the subject of the message. And the remaining lines constitute the body of the message.

• mailurl

  Type: both execution and variable command
  Syntax: !mailurl address name ...
  Meaning: Creates a javascript-crypted email interface that is difficult for spammer-robot to decrypt.

  The first word of the first line in the parameter should be the email address.
  The rest of the first line is the recepient name (default to email address).
  The second line and up is the mail subject.

  This command calls, in the order of priority, one of the following files:

  1. "mailurl.proc" in the module directory.
  2. "mailurl.proc" in the current theme.
  3. "scripts/mailurl.proc".

  This allows site managers and authors to define different address encryption methods.
  Mail addresses are not encrypted when the user is within a virtual class.
  This command collapses some variables beginning with "mailurl_".

• makelist

  Type: both execution and variable command
  Syntax: !makelist templ for v=v1 to v2 [step st], or
  !makelist templ for v in v1,v2,v3,...
  Meaning: Outputs a list consisting of templ with variable v successively substituted by values v1, ..., v2.
  In the second syntax, the substitutions are done with respect to each item in the list v1,v2,....
  The variable v should appear in templ as a math variable (that is, with no preceeding character).
  Sample(s):

  Command	Result
  !makelist [x;x+1;xx] for x in a,x and y,1,(2,3)	[a;a+1;xx],[x and y;x and y+1;xx],[1;1+1;xx],[(2,3);(2,3)+1;xx]

• mathmlmath

  Type: both execution and variable command
  Syntax: !mathmlmath expr
  Aliases: math2mathml
  Meaning: Translate the raw mathematical expression expr, into a form which can be best possibly rendered via mathml tags. The transformations are the same as in htmlmath command and the result is in html if mathml is not available. If the expression is not a "machine-understandable mathematical expression", there is no garanty on the result (today and in the future !).

  • All digits or + or - following a ^ or _ are considered as in exponent/subscript; expression with ( ) following a ^ or _ are considered as in exponent/subscript; parentheseses are removed (if no sign before) except in case of exponent and only digits.
  • Get rid of 1*.. ..*1. example: in 1 * x, x/1, the 1 is removed.
  • Replace scientific notation (for example) 35E-05 by 10 power and add multiplication sign. Remove the + or 0 useless.
  • Replace some names as greek letters by their equivalents.
  • Remove * or replace by multiplication sign.
  • Replace <=, >=, ->, =>, <=> by their html/mathml equivalents if possible.
  Sample(s):

  Command	Result
  !mathmlmath 1*x+3*y = 35E-05	$x+3y=35\times {10}^{-5}$
  !mathmlmath 2x, 2*x	$2x,2x$
  !mathmlmath x2, x_2, x^2	$x_2,x_2,x^2$

• mathsubst

  Type: both execution and variable command
  Syntax: !mathsubst name=val in expr
  Aliases: mathsubstit, mathsubstitute
  Meaning: Manipulation of mathematical expressions: substitute variable name by val in expr.
  No regular expression is allowed in name.
  See also the commands !evalsubst, !replace.

• mexec

  Type: both execution and variable command; only for trusted modules (in particular administrative modules).
  Syntax: !mexec command parms
  Meaning: execute a module-private external command command with optional parameters parms. command must be a valid program name in the module's home directory. But the command is executed from the base directory of the server.
  When used as variable command, returns the output of the called program.

• module

  Type: both execution and variable command
  Syntax: !module defname modname
  Meaning: Returns the definition for defname of the module modname. The most common use of this command is to get the title of a module (defname is then title).
  The INDEX file of the module modname will be parsed to look for the definition of defname.

• msg

  Type: execution command
  Syntax: !msg error [parm]
  Meaning: Put an error message of type error, with eventual parm depending on error.

• nocache

  Type: execution command; only for trusted modules (in particular administrative modules).
  Syntax: !nocache

• nonempty

  Type: both execution and variable command
  Syntax: !nonempty obj content
  Aliases: non_empty
  Meaning: obj can be item or line. The non-empty items or lines in content will be extracted.

• nospace

  Type: both execution and variable command
  Syntax: !nospace string
  Meaning: Collapses all space characters (' ', tab, newline) in string.

• nosubst

  Type: variable command
  Syntax: !nosubst string
  Meaning: Returns string as-is, without variable substitution.

• passcheck

  Type: only for trusted modules (in particular administrative modules).
  Syntax: !passcheck word and list2
  Meaning: compare the (non crypted) word to the list of crypted words list2 (crypted words begin by *) and return yes if its crypted version is equal to one of them

• passcrypt

  Type: only for trusted modules (in particular administrative modules).
  Syntax: !passcrypt word
  Meaning: return word crypted (an * is added at the beginning of the crypted result); word must contain only alphanumeric characters.

• pedia

  Type: both execution and variable command
  Syntax: !pedia keyword, name
  Aliases: encyclopedia, encyclo
  Meaning: Creates a hypertext link pointing to an online encyclopedia. keyword will be the name under which the reference is looked for, and should be a phrase with one or several words separated by space. Examples: finite field or linear transformation.
  name is the name of the link (i.e. what people see in their page, and can click on).

  Actually wims use Wikipedia as the standard reference encyclopedia.

• perl

  Type: both execution and variable command; only for trusted modules (in particular administrative modules).
  Syntax: !perl

• positionof

  Type: both execution and variable command
  Syntax: !positionof [type] s in string
  Aliases: position, positions
  Meaning: Reports the positions of the object s in string. The word type can be char, word, item, line or row. If it is specified, then the comparison only takes place for corresponding objects of string which are identical to s. The output of the command is a list of positions (char, word, item, line or row, according to the value of type) where s is found in string. Here, rows are separated by semi-colon ; and lines by new lines.
  If type is missing, then s is searched in string as a substring, and the positions reported are character positions (more precisely, the positions of the previous character of s in string).

• product

  Type: both execution and variable command
  Syntax: !product fn for v=v1 to v2 [step st]
  !product fn for v in v1,v2,v3,...
  Aliases: prod, multiply
  Meaning: Computes the product of a function fn(v) with variable v replaced successively by values v1, ..., v2.

  In the second syntax, the values are given with respect to each item in the list v1,v2,....

• randchar

  Type: variable command
  Syntax: !randchar str
  Meaning: Returns a random character in str.

• randfile

  Type: variable command
  Syntax: !randfile fname
  Aliases: randrecord
  Meaning: Returns a random record in the datafile fname.

• randint

  Type: variable command
  Syntax: !randint n1, n2
  !randint n1, n2 repeat i
  Meaning: Returns a random integer between n1 and n2 (inclusive).
  Substitution and evaluation are done on n1 and n2 before applying random.
  If n2 is missing, returns random integer between 1 and n1 (inclusive).
  If both n1 and n2 are missing, returns 0.
  You can also type !randint n1, n2 repeat i to repeatedly generate i random integers.

• randitem

  Type: variable command
  Syntax: !randitem list
  Meaning: Returns a random item in list. Items are separated by commas.

• randline

  Type: variable command
  Syntax: !randline str
  Meaning: Returns a random line in str.

• random

  Type: variable command
  Syntax: !random n1, n2
  Aliases: randdouble, randfloat
  Meaning: Returns a random real number between n1 and n2.
  Substitution and evaluation are done on n1 and n2 before applying random.
  If n2 is missing, returns random number between 0 and n1.
  If both n1 and n2 are missing, returns 0.
  You can also type !random n1,n2 repeat i to repeatedly generate i random numbers.

• randword

  Type: variable command
  Syntax: !randword str
  Meaning: Returns a random word in str.

• rawmath

  Type: both execution and variable command
  Syntax: !rawmath expr
  Meaning: Translate the mathematical expression expr, possibly with common user errors, into a machine-understandable mathematical expression.
  It will replace (x+1)(x-1) into (x+1)*(x-1), 5x^3 into 5*x^3, etc. More precisely,

  • Replace some badcharacters as **, ², ³.
  • translate ++, +-, -+, ... into one sign
  • translate | | in abs
  • replace new lines or tabs by spaces
  • add zero in case of decimal digits if necessary: for example, replace 4. by 4.0 and .5 -> 0.5
  • replace justapositions by multiplications if rawmatheasy=yes

• rawmatrix

  Type: both execution and variable command
  Syntax: !rawmatrix expr
  Meaning: Translate the matrix expr, possibly with common user errors, into a machine-understandable matrix expression.

• reaccent

  Type: both execution and variable command
  Syntax: !reaccent string
  Meaning: Replace accented letter compositions in string by accented letters (replacing e' by é, a` by à, i" by ï, o^ by ô, etc.) The only exception is that ç and Ç are composed from c~ and C~ respectivement.

• read

  Type: execution command
  Syntax: !read file [parm]
  Aliases: include, input
  Meaning: Insert the content of file, and process it. file must be a valid file name with the module's home directory as base directory. (directory structure may be specified in file, but backtracing to parent directories is prohibited.)
  And the parameter parm can be accessed from within the called file under the variable name wims_read_parm.
  WIMS will try to cache the file for repeated use, unless the filename is preceded by "./".

• readdef

  Type: execution command; only for trusted modules (in particular administrative modules).
  Syntax: !readdef

• readproc

  Type: execution command
  Syntax: !readproc file [parm]
  Meaning: Include a variable processing file file. file must be a valid file name with the module's home directory as base directory. (directory structure may be specified in file, but backtracing to parent directories is prohibited.)
  And the parameter parm can be accessed from within the called file under the variable name wims_read_parm.

• record

  Type: both execution and variable command
  Syntax: !record numlist of fname
  Aliases: records
  Meaning: Outputs selected records of the datafile fname, according to numlist.

  numlist can be a single integer, a comma-separated list of integers, or a range of integers.
  A positive integer denotes the number of record in fname counted from the beginning, with 1 corresponding to the first record. A negative integer denotes the number of record from the end of fname: -1 means the last record, -2 means the next-to-last record, etc.

  The syntax for a range of integers is n1 to n2. For example, 2 to -2 means the whole fname except the first and the last records.

• recordcnt

  Type: variable command
  Syntax: !recordcnt fname
  Aliases: recordcount, recordno, recordnum
  Meaning: Returns the number of records in the datafile fname.

• recursion

  Type: both execution and variable command
  Syntax: !recursion fn for v=v1 to v2 [step st]
  !recursion fn for v in v1,v2,v3,...
  Meaning: Computes the outcome of a recursion using the function fn in which the variable v is replaced successively by values v1, ..., v2.

  In the second syntax, the values are given with respect to each item in the list v1,v2,....

  The function fn should use the variable last to indicate the value of the previous recursion step. And the starting value can be put into the WIMS variable $recursion_start.

• reinput

  Type: both execution and variable command
  Syntax: !reinput string
  Meaning: Prepares string to be inserted into a form input or textarea.

  Browsers translate & primitives into corresponding (special) characters even when these primitives occur in input or textarea fields. Also, if string contains html tags, they may confuse browsers. You can use this command on the string (usually derived from an earlier user input) before inserting them back into a input or textarea, to avoid the above problems.

• rename

  Type: both execution and variable command
  Syntax: !rename f
  Meaning: Changes the reference to a file f, such as a graphics file reachable by direct http, into one with a different name using the method !getfile.

  This command is useful with exercises where important information is carried by multimedia files (pictures, audios, movies). It can be used to hide the name of the multimedia file that otherwise would give clues to the solution of the problem.

  The renamed file must be located within the module, and the filename f should start with $module_dir.

  The command returns a string which is the new URL. The file is not effectively copied or renamed on the server.

• replace

  Type: both execution and variable command
  Syntax: !replace [internal] s1 by s2 in string
  !replace obj ident by s in string
  Meaning: String manipulation.

  Under the first syntax, variable substitution is first done on string. Then all occurences of substring s1 are replaced by s2.
  When the keyword internal is absent, the Linux utility sed is called to make the replacements, therefore regular expressions are accepted in s1 and s2. Please refer to the man page of sed for details.

  Under the second syntax, obj can be char, word, item or line. Then the word, item or line identified by ident in string is replaced by s, after variable substitutions.
  ident can be a string, in this case all objects (words, items or lines) matching ident will be replaced. It can also be a number (positive or negative integer n), preceded by the word number. In this case the object number n will be replaced. (In the case where n<0, it is the last -n th object which is replaced.)

• reset

  Type: execution command
  Syntax: !reset name1 [ ,name2,...] names[1O]
  Meaning: erase the content of the variable(s) name1, name2, ..., names1, names2,..., names10

• restart

  Type: execution command; only for trusted modules (in particular administrative modules).
  Syntax: !restart parm
  Meaning: Restart from a new request with parameters parm, usually for jumping to another module.

  This command can be only used before output starts. Repeated restart is disabled, to avoid infinite loops.

• robotrap

  Type: execution command; only for trusted modules (in particular administrative modules).
  Syntax: !robotrap
  Aliases: robottrap

• lines2rows

  Type: both execution and variable command
  Syntax: !rows2lines string
  Meaning: This command changes multiple rows in string into lines (the separator is the line break).

• select

  Type: both execution and variable command
  Syntax: !select data where condition
  Meaning: Outputs rows of a matrix data, according to condition. Rows of the matrix can be separated either by new lines or by semi-colon ;.

  The condition can use words column 1, column 2, etc. to designate comma-separated columns in each row.

• setdef

  Type: execution command
  Syntax: !setdef defstr in fname
  Meaning: Set definitions defstr in the file fname.

• setseed

  Type: execution command; only for trusted modules (in particular administrative modules).
  Syntax: !setseed

• sh

  Type: both execution and variable command; only for trusted modules (in particular administrative modules).
  Syntax: !sh

• shortout

  Type: execution command; only for trusted modules (in particular administrative modules).
  Syntax: !shortout

• shuffle

  Type: variable command
  Syntax: !shuffle [even|odd] n
  !shuffle [even|odd] list
  Aliases: randperm, randpermute
  Meaning: Randomly permutes a set of n elements. n must be a positive integer not greater than 1024 in the first usage, or is the number of items in list in the second usage.
  For the first usage, the command returns a comma-separated list i₁, i₂, ..., i_n, where the items i_k are randomly ordered elements of the set {1,2,...,n}.
  This command can be used in conjunction with commands !item, !line, !word, !char, to randomly permute items, lines, words, or characters in a string.
  For the second usage, a new list with randomly permuted items in list is returned.
  In any case, the variable wims_shuffle_order is set to be the list i₁, i₂, ..., i_n.
  When the optional word even or odd is present, only even/odd permutations are produced.

• singlespace

  Type: both execution and variable command
  Syntax: !singlespace string
  Meaning: Returns string with all space characters (space, tab, newline) replaced by , and multiple occurrences of space characters collapsed into single one.
  Leading and ending spaces are not removed. You can use this command in conjunction with trim if you want also to remove leading and ending spaces.
  This command is especially useful for comparisons between multi-word strings.

• solve

  Type: both execution and variable command
  Syntax: !solve fn for v=v1 to v2
  Aliases: rootof
  Meaning: Find out (real simple) roots of the function/equation fn for the variable v between v1 andv2.

  fn may have several roots in the interval [v1,v2], but roots too close to each other may be overlooked.

• sort

  Type: both execution and variable command
  Syntax: !sort [nocase] [reverse] [numeric] type [of] string
  Meaning: Sort string. The type of the sort may be char, word, list (equivalently item) or line.
  After this command is executed, the sort order is stored in the variable wims_sort_order (as a list). This can therefore be used for relational sorting, in conjunction with commands !item, !line, !word or !char.
  Sample(s):

  Command	Result
  !sort list 0,4,2	0,2,4
  !sort reverse list 0,4,2	4,2,0
  !sort list 10,4,2	10,2,4
  !sort numeric list 10,4,2	2,4,10

• sum

  Type: both execution and variable command
  Syntax: !sum fn for v=v1 to v2 [step st]
  !sum fn for v in v1,v2,v3,...
  Aliases: add
  Meaning: Computes the sum of a function fn(v) with variable v replaced successively by values v1, ..., v2.

  In the second syntax, the values are given with respect to each item in the list v1,v2,....

• tail

  Type: execution command
  Syntax: !tail parm
  Meaning: Standardized ending for html page outputs. Includes the command !homeref.

  parm is reserved for future implementation.

• texmath

  Type: both execution and variable command
  Syntax: !texmath expr
  Aliases: TeXmath, math2tex
  Meaning: Translate the mathematical expression expr into a TeX source. If the expression is not a "machine-understandable mathematical expression", like products without *, there is no garanty on the result (at the moment and in the future !). See examples below. Il might be useful to use !rawmath before applying !texmath.
  The following transformations are performed:

  • Transform computer matrix as [ 4,5;6,7] in latex matrix.
  • Transform A/B in {1 over B} A or { A over B} according to the priority of the presume type of A and B (integer, numeric, variable, poly, transcend).
  • transforms <=, <=> =>, -> in tex/latex codes.
  • Transform a relation without a second member by adding 1.
  • Replace scientific notation 35E-05 by 10 power and add multiplication sign. Remove the + or 0 useless.
  • Remove the stars *.
  • Replace some names as greek letters by their equivalents.
  • interpret sum(), integrate, prod () (coming from maxima ) in tex/latex codes.
  Sample(s):

  Command	Result
  !texmath 1*x+3*y = 35E-05	x +3 y=35 \times 10^{-5}
  !texmath 2x, 2*x	2,2 x
  !texmath x2, x_2, x^2	x _2 ,x_{2},x^2

• text

  Type: both execution and variable command
  Syntax: !text operation parameter
  Meaning: This is intended to be a very powerful text manipulation tool, allowing very sophisticated processing of long text strings with high speed.
  Many of the operations accept masks. A mask is a string composed of 0s and 1s. For operations which accept a mask, only characters at positions whose corresponding character in the mask is not a 0 are processed. (In this sense positions corresponding to 0s are masked.) Empty mask is considered as of being entirely composed of 1s.
  A mask which is too short repeats itself, unless it terminates with a +, in which case it fills the rest with 1s, or with a -, in which case it fills the rest with 0s.
  For the time being, implemented operations are as follows.

  • !text common text1 and text2 [mask maskstring]
    Extracts characters in text1 one by one, for those identical to the corresponding characters in text2 and whose positions are not masked by maskstring.
  • !text compare text1 and text2
    Compares the strings text1 and text2 character by character, and returns a mask string with 0s on positions where the corresponding characters in text1 and text2 are equal, and 1s otherwise.
  • !text copy text [mask maskstring]
    Returns non-masked characters in text.
  • !text count charlist in text [mask maskstring]
    Returns the number of characters in text whose positions are not masked by maskstring, and who appear in charlist.
  • !text diff text1 from text2 [mask maskstring]
    Extracts characters in text1 one by one, for those different to the corresponding characters in text2 and whose positions are not masked by maskstring.
    (Synonyme of diff: differ).
  • !text expand text using maskstring
    Produces a string, where positions corresponding to 0s in maskstring are filled by   (the space character), and where positions corresponding to 1s in maskstring are filled by characters of text. The characters in text are used one by one, and the resulting string stops when all the characters in text are exhausted (or when the string reaches the length limit).
  • !text insert text1 into text2 [mask maskstring]
    Returns text2 with non-masked characters replaced by characters text1. Characters in text1 are used one by one (without taking into account the masking), and the replacement stops when there is no character left in text1.
  • !text interact text1 and text2 table itab [mask maskstring]
    Returns a new text which is result of interactions of characters in corresponding positions in text1 and text2. The rule of the interaction is defined in itab.
    itab contains n+1 lines, each of n characters. The first line defines the characters corresponding to each position in the following n lines which defines the multiplication table.
    The multiplication table needs not to be symmetric. In this case, the rows correspond to characters in text1, and the columns correspond to characters in text2.
    If text1 or text2 contains a character not in the first line of itab, the interaction at the corresponding position is considered as empty. Also, masked positions are ignored.
    If text1 and text2 have different lengths, the longer is cut to fit the shorter.
  • !text mark charlist in text
    Returns a mask string with 1s on positions where the corresponding character in text appears in charlist, and with 0s on other positions.
  • !text max text1 and text2 [mask maskstring]
    Returns a string which at each position is the character with highest ASCII code between corresponding characters in text1 and text2. The length of the result is that of the longest of the two. Masked positions are skipped.
  • !text min text1 and text2 [mask maskstring]
    Returns a string which at each position is the character with lowest ASCII code between corresponding characters in text1 and text2. The length of the result is that of the shortest of the two. Masked positions are skipped.
  • !text occur charlist in text [mask maskstring]
    Returns characters in charlist which occur in unmasked positions in text.
    (Synonymes of occur: appear, occurrence).
  • !text remove charlist in text [mask maskstring]
    Returns text in which masked characters and characters appearing in charlist are removed.
    (Synonymes of remove: drop, delete).
  • !text reorder text by orderlist
    Returns a reordered text using the order list orderlist. Reordering is cyclic if orderlist is shorter than text.
    orderlist must be a list of n positive integers, which is a permutation of the set {1,...,n}. If orderlist contains items other than integers within the bound, empty string is returned. However, unicity check is not performed on items of orderlist.
  • !text repeat text to len
    Repeat the string text cyclicly, up to length len.
  • !text reverse text
    Reverse the order of text, with the last character coming first, etc.
  • !text select charlist in text [mask maskstring]
    Returns text in which masked characters and characters not appearing in charlist are removed.
    (Synonymes of select: pick, pickup).

• title

  Type: execution command
  Syntax: !title parm
  Aliases: htmltitle, wimstitle
  Meaning: Puts page's title in a standardized format. parm is reserved for future implementation.

• translate

  Type: both execution and variable command
  Syntax: !translate [internal] s1 to s2 in string
  !translate [internal] s1 in string to s2
  Meaning: String manipulation: variable substitution is first done on string. Then all occurences of the first (resp. second, ...) character of s1 is replaced by the first (resp. second, ...) character of s2.
  When the keyword internal is absent, the Linux utility tr is called to make the translations, therefore regular expressions are accepted in s1 and s2. Please refer to the man page of tr for details.

• trim

  Type: variable command
  Syntax: !trim string
  Meaning: Returns string with leading and trailing spaces stripped off.

• upper

  Type: both execution and variable command
  Syntax: !upper string
  Aliases: uppercase, toupper
  Meaning: Returns string with all lower case letters replaced by their uppercase counterparts.

• usererror

  Type: execution command; only for trusted modules (in particular administrative modules).
  Syntax: !test

• values

  Type: both execution and variable command
  Syntax: !values fns for v=v1 to v2 [step st]
  !values fns for v in v1,v2,v3,...
  Meaning: Outputs a list of values of fns with variable v replaced successively by values v1, ..., v2.

  In the second syntax, the values are given with respect to each item in the list v1,v2,....

  fns may be a comma-separated list of functions.

  This command can also be used to make recursions. If the functions fns contain a variable named last, this variable will take the value of the last step each time. And the starting value can be put into the WIMS variable $recursion_start.

• varlist

  Type: both execution and variable command
  Syntax: !varlist [nofn] formula
  Aliases: listvar
  Meaning: Manipulation of mathematical expressions: returns list of variable names (and function names) appearing in the formula.

  If the switch nofn is present, function names will not be listed.

• warn

  Type: execution command
  Syntax: !warn subject
  Aliases: warning
  Meaning: Outputs a warning message related to subject. Does nothing if no warning message about subject is present.

• while

  Type: execution command
  Syntax: !while string1 relation string2
  
  Meaning: Conditional branching: execute the multi-line content between !while line and !endwhile line, until relation is no longer verified. The leading and trailing spaces of string1 and string2 will be stripped before making comparisons.

  The syntax is the same as for if.

• whileval

  Type: execution command
  Syntax: Same as the command while,
  but = (==), != compares the numerical values of string1 and string2
  rather than the strings themselves.

• word

  Type: both execution and variable command
  Syntax: !word numlist of string
  Aliases: words
  Meaning: Outputs selected words of string, according to numlist.

  numlist can be a single integer, a comma-separated list of integers, or a range of integers.
  A positive integer denotes the number of word in string counted from the beginning, with 1 corresponding to the first word. A negative integer denotes the number of word from the end of string: -1 means the last word, -2 means the next-to-last word, etc.

  The syntax for a range of integers is n1 to n2. For example, 2 to -2 means the whole string except the first and the last words.

• wordcnt

  Type: variable command
  Syntax: !wordcnt string
  Aliases: wordcount, wordno, wordnum
  Meaning: Returns the number of words in string.

• words2items

  Type: both execution and variable command
  Syntax: !words2items string
  Aliases: wordstoitems, words2list, wordstolist
  Meaning: This command changes multiple words in string into multiple items.

• words2lines

  Type: both execution and variable command
  Syntax: !words2lines string
  Aliases: wordstolines
  Meaning: This command changes multiple words in string into multiple lines.

Table of Contents

List of inline mathematical symbols

The symbol names are based on corresponding TeX names.

Symbol	Name tt
, , , ... , ...	$m_alpha, $m_beta, $m_gamma, ... $m_pi, ... $m_omega
, , , , , , , , , ,	$m_Gamma, $m_Delta, $m_Lambda, $m_Phi, $m_Psi, $m_Pi, $m_Sigma, $m_Theta, $m_Upsilon, $m_Xi, $m_Omega
, , , , ,	$m_varepsilon, $m_varphi, $m_wp, $m_ell, $m_Re, $m_Im
, , ,	$m_aleph, $m_infty, $m_nabla, $m_partial
, , , , ...	$m_AA, $m_CC, $m_RR, $m_QQ, $m_ZZ ...
, ,... ,...	$m_calA, $m_calB,... $m_calM,... $m_calZ
, ,... ,...	$m_eufA, $m_eufB,... $m_eufM,... $m_eufZ
, ,... ,...	$m_eufa, $m_eufb,... $m_eufm,... $m_eufz
, , , ,	$m_le, $m_ge, $m_pm, $m_times, $m_div
, , ,	$m_neq, $m_equiv, $m_cong, $m_approx
, , , , ,	$m_leftarrow, $m_rightarrow, $m_mapsto, $m_Leftarrow, $m_Rightarrow, $m_Leftrightarrow
, , ,	$m_exists, $m_forall, $m_in, $m_emptyset
, , , , , , ,	$m_subset, $m_supset, $m_subseteq, $m_supseteq, $m_cap, $m_cup, $m_prec, $m_succ
, , ,	$m_sum, $m_prod, $m_coprod, $m_surd
, , , ,	$m_int, $m_oint, $m_Vert, $m_oplus, $m_otimes
, , ,	$m_bigtriangleup, $m_bigtriangledown, $m_bigvee, $m_bigwedge

Besides, large parentheses are available under the name of $m_leftpar2, $m_leftpar3,..., $m_leftpar10 and $m_rightpar2, $m_rightpar3,..., $m_rightpar10. They can be used to inclose matrices of 2,3,...,10 rows. Ditto for leftbrace and rightbrace.

Table of Contents

---

List of slib (library of scripts)

Scripts in this library can be called from modules using the command !read (or !readproc from within a phtml file). For example, the line

 !read slib/matrix/random 3, 5, 10

generates a 3×5 matrix with random integer coefficients in [-10, 10]. The result is placed in the variable slib_out. To call an slib script from OEF exercises, documents or forum messages, use the function slib().

Only variables prefixed by slib_ are modified by these scripts.

Available scripts in slib

• All (285)
• algebra (4)
• analysis (6)
• chemistry (26)
• circuits (6)
• coding (2)
• data (4)
• draw (17)
• function (4)
• games (1)
• geo2D (5)
• geo3D (8)
• graph (13)
• graphpaper (8)
• lang (13)
• life (1)
• list (1)
• matrix (13)
• media (5)
• nuclear (2)
• numeration (7)
• oef (9)
• polynomial (1)
• set (1)
• stat (101)
• text (20)
• triplerelation (1)
• utilities (6)

All

	Output
algebra/partitionconj	Partition conjugate []
algebra/partitiondraw	Young diagram drawing of a partition []
algebra/partitionlex	Next partition in the lexicographic decreasing order []
algebra/slopedraw	Polygone tracé à partir des pentes (dessin) []
analysis/inversedomain	Inverse image of domains []
analysis/odejs	Draw solutions of a differential system (with jsxgraph). []
analysis/odejs2	Draw a solution of a differential system: x' []
analysis/odephase	Phase portrait of a differential system []
analysis/rungekutta	Equation différentielle (par Runge-Kutta) experimental en faire une liste sans dessin []
analysis/slopefield	Direction field (for example for differential equation system) []
chemistry/brut2html	HTML form of the formula of a molécule []
chemistry/checkmol	Check Mol []
chemistry/chemeq_add	Computes a combination of chemical equations []
chemistry/chemeq_compare	Comparing chemical equations []
chemistry/chemeq_components	Chemical components []
chemistry/chemeq_el	Returns the number of electrons in a redox reaction []
chemistry/chemeq_equilibrium	Analysing the equilibrium in chemical formulas []
chemistry/chemeq_mass	Molar Mass []
chemistry/chemeq_periodic_table	Insert Mendeleiev's periodic table in the page []
chemistry/chemeq_rev	Returns a chemical equation reversed []
chemistry/chemeq_rq	Typeset reaction quotients and Nernst laws for chemical equations []
chemistry/chemeq_sto	stoechiometric coefficients []
chemistry/chemeq_tex	Typeset molecules and chemical equations []
chemistry/chemformula	Chem formula []
chemistry/chemshow	Dessin d'une molécule en 2D []
chemistry/cram	Cram representation []
chemistry/jmolbutton	Button in Jmol. Has to be inserted AFTER the Jmol applet. []
chemistry/jmolcheckbox	Checkbox Button in Jmol []
chemistry/jmolradiogroup	Radio Group in Jmol []
chemistry/jmolshow	Jmol Applet []
chemistry/leftind	left and right indices and exponents []
chemistry/molarmass	Molar Mass []
chemistry/moldraw	Dessin en flydraw ou en canvasdraw de la molécule []
chemistry/molecule	Periodic table []
chemistry/newman	Newman projection []
chemistry/reactiondraw	Dessin en canvasdraw d'une réaction []
circuits/complist	List available circuit components []
circuits/comppos	Component position information of a circuit type. []
circuits/draw	Draw circuit scheme according a circuit type. []
circuits/drawcomp	Draw circuit components according to a circuit type. []
circuits/drawwire	Draw the fixed circuit wiring of a given circuit type. []
circuits/range	Size and range information of a circuit type. []
coding/editor	WYSIWYG code editor []
coding/runcode	Run code []
data/columnsort	Sort data according to a column []
data/randline	Take a random line of a data file []
data/random	Randomly selects a number of (different) objects []
data/randrec	Take a random field of a record file []
draw/balance	Balance (Roberval) []
draw/brokenlinegraph	Draw a continuous stepwise affine function from the points where slpe changes []
draw/clock	Draw a clock according to given time []
draw/convpixel	Conversion pixel image coordinates - mathematical coordinates []
draw/domino	Domino []
draw/drtgraduee	Graduatied line []
draw/graphviz	Graphviz []
draw/graphvizpoints	Coordinates of the nodes of a graph by Graphviz []
draw/meter	Meter []
draw/polygon	Regular polygon []
draw/radar	Radar []
draw/randpolygon	Polygone quelconque []
draw/range	Range []
draw/repdroite	Computes the coordinates of extreme points to draw a line in a frame []
draw/repere	Draw a coordinate frame []
draw/rosette	Draw a rosette []
draw/thermometer	Thermometer []
function/bounds	The bound of a real function of one variable within an interval [x1,x2] []
function/bounds2	The bound of a real function of two variables within a rectangle [x1,x2],[y1,y2] []
function/integrate	Indefinite or definite integration of a function of one variable []
function/tabsignes	Tableau de signes d'une fonction numérique []
games/chessimage	Chessboard []
geo2D/geogebra	Geogebra HTML 5 []
geo2D/jsxgraph	Plugin for JSXGraph responsive []
geo2D/offdraw	Conversion d'un dessin 2D codé dans la syntaxe off en canvasdraw []
geo2D/polynet	Dessin d'un patron aléatoire du polyèdre []
geo2D/squaretile	Square tile []
geo3D/3Dviewer	3D Viewer []
geo3D/draw	Polyedron in flydraw []
geo3D/drawtile	Lattice of cubes []
geo3D/off2jmol	Format off to xyz []
geo3D/off2xyz	Format off to xyz []
geo3D/polyhedra	Polyhedra applet []
geo3D/polyhedradual	Polyhedra applet and its dual []
geo3D/polynet	Patron d'un polyèdre en 3D []
graph/connexcomponent	Connex component of a vertex in a graph []
graph/connexity	Connex components of a simple graph []
graph/distance	Matrix of diameter of a graph []
graph/draw	Graph draw []
graph/drawcc	Graph draw with one colored connex component []
graph/drawtree	Tree draw []
graph/gpt	Oriented graph without circuit []
graph/graphviz	Graphviz []
graph/path	Path of a graph []
graph/randomconnex	random connex graph []
graph/randomeuler	random eulerian graph []
graph/randtree	Random tree []
graph/shortpath	Shortest path of a graph []
graphpaper/correct_milli	Graphic paper sheet with red correct plot preloaded []
graphpaper/func	One function plot, ready to append to a previously made graph paper []
graphpaper/func_milli	Graphic paper sheet with function plot and red correct plot preloaded []
graphpaper/imgpoints	Utility for a clickable graphic paper sheet []
graphpaper/millimetre	Graphic paper sheet []
graphpaper/strings	Prepare strings to be written on a graphic paper sheet []
graphpaper/tograph	Utility for a clickable graphic paper sheet []
graphpaper/whereclick	Utility for a clickable graphic paper sheet []
lang/enword2ipa	IPA transcription of english words []
lang/epd2ipa	IPA transcription according to epd ascii codage (for english) []
lang/fname	A random firstname []
lang/fraccord	Accord of French adjectives and names []
lang/frapostrophe	Apostrophe reduction of a French text []
lang/frartdef	Transform a French noun into definite form []
lang/frcodcoi	Find a random complement of a French verb []
lang/frverbconj	The conjugation of a French verb []
lang/images	Images in some datamodule []
lang/itdetermart	Italian "articolo determinativo" []
lang/randomword	Output random words in the dictionary []
lang/sampa2ipa	IPA transcription according to Sampa Ascii codage (for english) []
lang/swac	Insertion of words (audio) from the swac packs []
life/frcommodity	Give a random commodity with given price, French []
list/selshuf	Selective shuffle []
matrix/concate	concatenation []
matrix/det	The determinant of a square matrix []
matrix/givenrank	Generates a random matrix of given rank []
matrix/inverse	The inverse of a square matrix []
matrix/invertible	Generates a random invertible matrix []
matrix/itriangular	Generates a random invertible triangular matrix []
matrix/non0	Generates a random matrix with non-zero coefficients []
matrix/orthogonal	Generates a random orthogonal matrix []
matrix/random	Generates a random matrix []
matrix/trace	The trace of a square matrix []
matrix/transpose	The transpose of a matrix []
matrix/triangular	Generates a random triangular matrix []
matrix/unimodular	Generates a random unimodular matrix []
media/audio	Audio insertion []
media/dewplayer	Audio insertion with dewplayer []
media/player	Audio insertion with hbs_mp3_player []
media/player_mp3_multi	Audio insertion with player_mp3_multi []
media/video	Video insertion []
nuclear/nucleide	Data about nucleides, or LaTeX typesetting []
nuclear/reaction	Typesetting nuclear reactions from plain text formulas []
numeration/babylonien	Ecriture Babylonienne d'un nombre entier []
numeration/baseblock	Base blocks in numeration []
numeration/basep	Passage de la base dix vers la base p. []
numeration/ecriturelettre	Writing of a number in letters. []
numeration/ecriturenombre	Writing a number with grouping the numbers by three. []
numeration/egyptien	Ecriture Egyptienne d'un nombre entier []
numeration/romain	Numération romaine []
oef/blank	Blank []
oef/codelim	OEF code length limit register []
oef/codename	Register OEF code reply name allow/deny []
oef/env	Get an OEF environment variable []
oef/insfilename	Output the file name of the last insert []
oef/newfile	Save a text in a file []
oef/postsrc	OEF code input postpender []
oef/presrc	OEF code input prepender []
oef/sortorder	Sort order []
polynomial/random	Random polynomial []
set/subset	Subsets of a set []
stat/1d	Computes 1-dimensional statistical data []
stat/arithmean	Arithmetic mean of statistical data []
stat/beta	Generation of beta random data []
stat/betacdf	Cumulative distribution function of a Beta law []
stat/betainv	Quantiles of a Beta law []
stat/betapdf	Probability density function of a Beta law []
stat/binomial	Generation of binomial random data []
stat/binomialcdf	cumulative distribution function of Binomial law []
stat/binomialinv	Quantile of Binomial law []
stat/binomialpdf	Probability density function of the binomial law []
stat/boxplot	Box plot []
stat/cauchy	Generation of Cauchy random data []
stat/cauchycdf	Cumulative distribution function of Cauchy law []
stat/cauchyinv	Quantile of Cauchy law []
stat/cauchypdf	Probability density function of Cauchy law []
stat/chi2	Generation of chi-square random data []
stat/chi2cdf	Chi-square cumulative distribution function []
stat/chi2inv	Quantile of a chi-square distribution []
stat/chi2pdf	Chi-square probability density function []
stat/correlation	Matrix of correlation []
stat/covariance	Matrix of covariance []
stat/deviation	Deviation of statistical data []
stat/discretelaw	Generation of a discrete law with nonnegative coefficients []
stat/effectif	Effectifs of statistical series in classes []
stat/empiric	Generation of random numbers with a discrete law []
stat/exponential	Generation of exponential random numbers []
stat/exponentialcdf	Cumulative distribution function of exponential law []
stat/exponentialinv	Quantile of exponential law []
stat/exponentialpdf	Probability density function of exponential law []
stat/fisher	Generation of Fisher random data []
stat/fishercdf	Fisher cumulative distribution function. []
stat/fisherinv	Quantiles of a Fisher law (also called F-distribution) []
stat/fisherpdf	Fisher probability density function []
stat/freq	Frequencies of statistical data []
stat/gamma	Generation of Gamma random data []
stat/gammacdf	Cumulative distribution function of Gamma law []
stat/gammainv	Quantile of a Gamma distribution []
stat/gammapdf	Gamma probability density function []
stat/geomean	Geometric mean of data []
stat/geometric	Generation of random data with a Geometric distribution on N []
stat/geometric1	Generation of random data with a Geometric distribution on N* []
stat/geometric1cdf	Cumulative distribution function of a Geometric distribution on N* []
stat/geometric1inv	Quantiles of a Geometric law on N* []
stat/geometric1pdf	Probability density function of a Geometric law on N* []
stat/geometriccdf	Cumulative distribution function of a Geometric law on N []
stat/geometricinv	Quantiles of a Geometric law on N []
stat/geometricpdf	Probability density function of geometric law on N []
stat/harmonic	Harmonic mean of statistical data []
stat/histo	Histogram []
stat/hypergeometric	Generation of Hypergeometric random data []
stat/hypergeometriccdf	Cumulative distribution function of a hypergeometric law []
stat/hypergeometricinv	Quantile of hypergeometric law inverse []
stat/hypergeometricpdf	Probability density function of a Hypergeometric law []
stat/laplace	Generation of Laplace random data []
stat/laplacecdf	Laplace cumulative distribution function []
stat/laplaceinv	Quantiles of the Laplace law []
stat/laplacepdf	Laplace probability density function []
stat/linearcong	Generation of linear congruential random integers []
stat/logistic	Generation of logistic random data []
stat/logisticcdf	Logistic cumulative distribution function []
stat/logisticinv	Quantile of the logistic law []
stat/logisticpdf	Probability density function of the logistic law []
stat/lognormal	Generation of lognormal random data []
stat/lognormalcdf	Cumulative distribution function of log-normal law []
stat/lognormalinv	Quantile of log-normal law []
stat/lognormalpdf	Probability density function of log-normal law []
stat/median	Data median []
stat/multinomial	Generation of multinomial random data []
stat/nbin	Generation of Negative binomial random data []
stat/nbincdf	Cumulative distribution function of the Negative Binomial law []
stat/nbininv	Quantile of a Negative Binomial law. []
stat/nbinpdf	Probability density function of a Negative Binomial law []
stat/normal	Generation of Gaussian random data []
stat/normalcdf	Cumulative distribution function of the normal distribution []
stat/normalinv	Quantile of the normal law []
stat/normalpdf	Probability density function of the normal law []
stat/pascal	Generation of Pascal random data []
stat/pascalcdf	Cumulative distribution function of the Pascal law []
stat/pascalinv	Quantile of a Pascal law. []
stat/pascalpdf	Probability density function of a Pascal law []
stat/piechart	Pie chart []
stat/poisson	Generation of random numbers with Poisson law []
stat/poissoncdf	Poisson cumulative distribution function []
stat/poissoninv	Quantile of a Poisson law []
stat/poissonpdf	Probability density function of a Poisson law []
stat/posdiscretelaw	Generation of a discrete law with positive coefficients []
stat/prod	Product of data []
stat/quadratic	Quadratic mean []
stat/quantile	Quantile []
stat/random	Generation of random numbers []
stat/range	Data range []
stat/student	Generation of Student random data []
stat/studentcdf	Student cumulative distribution function []
stat/studentinv	Quantile of a Student law []
stat/studentpdf	Probability density function of a Student law []
stat/sum	Data sum []
stat/variance	Variance []
stat/weibull	Generation of Weibull random data []
stat/weibullcdf	Cumulative distribution function of Weibull law []
stat/weibullinv	Quantile of Weibull law []
stat/weibullpdf	Probability density function of Weibull law []
text/approximation	Calculate an approximation interval for a given real []
text/balloon	Talking Balloons (Cartoon style) []
text/cdecomment	Extract comment from a c source code. []
text/comblin	Simplify a linear combination []
text/crossword	Crossword []
text/cutchoice2	Cut out embedded choices for OEF []
text/cutchoices	Cut out embedded choices for OEF []
text/markerror	For marking words with mistake []
text/markgroup	For marking group of words with given explanation []
text/marktext	Texte for use with type mark for OEF (word) []
text/marktextpartial	For marking some words with given explanation []
text/markword	For use with type mark in OEF []
text/matrixhtml	Transform a matrix into html matrix (table). []
text/matrixinsert	Insert a coefficient in a matrix []
text/matrixtex	Matrix in Latex []
text/maximamatrix	Transform a matrix to maxima format []
text/octavematrix	Transform an octave output matrix into standard format []
text/sigunits	Make a representation of a physical quantity with a given number of significative digits []
text/spirale	Write on a spirale []
text/whitespace	Replace white spaces []
triplerelation/tabular	Double entry table for training to relations between three quantities []
utilities/date	Date []
utilities/mathcalc	Mathcalc []
utilities/nopaste	No copy-paste []
utilities/notepad	Notepad []
utilities/tooltip	Tooltip containing an html text which appears when the mouse points on a word. []
utilities/trigo-calc	Inline Trigonometric calculator []

algebra

	Output
algebra/partitionconj	Partition conjugate []
algebra/partitiondraw	Young diagram drawing of a partition []
algebra/partitionlex	Next partition in the lexicographic decreasing order []
algebra/slopedraw	Polygone tracé à partir des pentes (dessin) []

analysis

	Output
analysis/inversedomain	Inverse image of domains []
analysis/odejs	Draw solutions of a differential system (with jsxgraph). []
analysis/odejs2	Draw a solution of a differential system: x' []
analysis/odephase	Phase portrait of a differential system []
analysis/rungekutta	Equation différentielle (par Runge-Kutta) experimental en faire une liste sans dessin []
analysis/slopefield	Direction field (for example for differential equation system) []

chemistry

	Output
chemistry/brut2html	HTML form of the formula of a molécule []
chemistry/checkmol	Check Mol []
chemistry/chemeq_add	Computes a combination of chemical equations []
chemistry/chemeq_compare	Comparing chemical equations []
chemistry/chemeq_components	Chemical components []
chemistry/chemeq_el	Returns the number of electrons in a redox reaction []
chemistry/chemeq_equilibrium	Analysing the equilibrium in chemical formulas []
chemistry/chemeq_mass	Molar Mass []
chemistry/chemeq_periodic_table	Insert Mendeleiev's periodic table in the page []
chemistry/chemeq_rev	Returns a chemical equation reversed []
chemistry/chemeq_rq	Typeset reaction quotients and Nernst laws for chemical equations []
chemistry/chemeq_sto	stoechiometric coefficients []
chemistry/chemeq_tex	Typeset molecules and chemical equations []
chemistry/chemformula	Chem formula []
chemistry/chemshow	Dessin d'une molécule en 2D []
chemistry/cram	Cram representation []
chemistry/jmolbutton	Button in Jmol. Has to be inserted AFTER the Jmol applet. []
chemistry/jmolcheckbox	Checkbox Button in Jmol []
chemistry/jmolradiogroup	Radio Group in Jmol []
chemistry/jmolshow	Jmol Applet []
chemistry/leftind	left and right indices and exponents []
chemistry/molarmass	Molar Mass []
chemistry/moldraw	Dessin en flydraw ou en canvasdraw de la molécule []
chemistry/molecule	Periodic table []
chemistry/newman	Newman projection []
chemistry/reactiondraw	Dessin en canvasdraw d'une réaction []

circuits

	Output
circuits/complist	List available circuit components []
circuits/comppos	Component position information of a circuit type. []
circuits/draw	Draw circuit scheme according a circuit type. []
circuits/drawcomp	Draw circuit components according to a circuit type. []
circuits/drawwire	Draw the fixed circuit wiring of a given circuit type. []
circuits/range	Size and range information of a circuit type. []

coding

	Output
coding/editor	WYSIWYG code editor []
coding/runcode	Run code []

data

	Output
data/columnsort	Sort data according to a column []
data/randline	Take a random line of a data file []
data/random	Randomly selects a number of (different) objects []
data/randrec	Take a random field of a record file []

draw

	Output
draw/balance	Balance (Roberval) []
draw/brokenlinegraph	Draw a continuous stepwise affine function from the points where slpe changes []
draw/clock	Draw a clock according to given time []
draw/convpixel	Conversion pixel image coordinates - mathematical coordinates []
draw/domino	Domino []
draw/drtgraduee	Graduatied line []
draw/graphviz	Graphviz []
draw/graphvizpoints	Coordinates of the nodes of a graph by Graphviz []
draw/meter	Meter []
draw/polygon	Regular polygon []
draw/radar	Radar []
draw/randpolygon	Polygone quelconque []
draw/range	Range []
draw/repdroite	Computes the coordinates of extreme points to draw a line in a frame []
draw/repere	Draw a coordinate frame []
draw/rosette	Draw a rosette []
draw/thermometer	Thermometer []

function

	Output
function/bounds	The bound of a real function of one variable within an interval [x1,x2] []
function/bounds2	The bound of a real function of two variables within a rectangle [x1,x2],[y1,y2] []
function/integrate	Indefinite or definite integration of a function of one variable []
function/tabsignes	Tableau de signes d'une fonction numérique []

games

	Output
games/chessimage	Chessboard []

geo2D

	Output
geo2D/geogebra	Geogebra HTML 5 []
geo2D/jsxgraph	Plugin for JSXGraph responsive []
geo2D/offdraw	Conversion d'un dessin 2D codé dans la syntaxe off en canvasdraw []
geo2D/polynet	Dessin d'un patron aléatoire du polyèdre []
geo2D/squaretile	Square tile []

geo3D

	Output
geo3D/3Dviewer	3D Viewer []
geo3D/draw	Polyedron in flydraw []
geo3D/drawtile	Lattice of cubes []
geo3D/off2jmol	Format off to xyz []
geo3D/off2xyz	Format off to xyz []
geo3D/polyhedra	Polyhedra applet []
geo3D/polyhedradual	Polyhedra applet and its dual []
geo3D/polynet	Patron d'un polyèdre en 3D []

graph

	Output
graph/connexcomponent	Connex component of a vertex in a graph []
graph/connexity	Connex components of a simple graph []
graph/distance	Matrix of diameter of a graph []
graph/draw	Graph draw []
graph/drawcc	Graph draw with one colored connex component []
graph/drawtree	Tree draw []
graph/gpt	Oriented graph without circuit []
graph/graphviz	Graphviz []
graph/path	Path of a graph []
graph/randomconnex	random connex graph []
graph/randomeuler	random eulerian graph []
graph/randtree	Random tree []
graph/shortpath	Shortest path of a graph []

graphpaper

	Output
graphpaper/correct_milli	Graphic paper sheet with red correct plot preloaded []
graphpaper/func	One function plot, ready to append to a previously made graph paper []
graphpaper/func_milli	Graphic paper sheet with function plot and red correct plot preloaded []
graphpaper/imgpoints	Utility for a clickable graphic paper sheet []
graphpaper/millimetre	Graphic paper sheet []
graphpaper/strings	Prepare strings to be written on a graphic paper sheet []
graphpaper/tograph	Utility for a clickable graphic paper sheet []
graphpaper/whereclick	Utility for a clickable graphic paper sheet []

lang

	Output
lang/enword2ipa	IPA transcription of english words []
lang/epd2ipa	IPA transcription according to epd ascii codage (for english) []
lang/fname	A random firstname []
lang/fraccord	Accord of French adjectives and names []
lang/frapostrophe	Apostrophe reduction of a French text []
lang/frartdef	Transform a French noun into definite form []
lang/frcodcoi	Find a random complement of a French verb []
lang/frverbconj	The conjugation of a French verb []
lang/images	Images in some datamodule []
lang/itdetermart	Italian "articolo determinativo" []
lang/randomword	Output random words in the dictionary []
lang/sampa2ipa	IPA transcription according to Sampa Ascii codage (for english) []
lang/swac	Insertion of words (audio) from the swac packs []

life

	Output
life/frcommodity	Give a random commodity with given price, French []

list

	Output
list/selshuf	Selective shuffle []

matrix

	Output
matrix/concate	concatenation []
matrix/det	The determinant of a square matrix []
matrix/givenrank	Generates a random matrix of given rank []
matrix/inverse	The inverse of a square matrix []
matrix/invertible	Generates a random invertible matrix []
matrix/itriangular	Generates a random invertible triangular matrix []
matrix/non0	Generates a random matrix with non-zero coefficients []
matrix/orthogonal	Generates a random orthogonal matrix []
matrix/random	Generates a random matrix []
matrix/trace	The trace of a square matrix []
matrix/transpose	The transpose of a matrix []
matrix/triangular	Generates a random triangular matrix []
matrix/unimodular	Generates a random unimodular matrix []

media

	Output
media/audio	Audio insertion []
media/dewplayer	Audio insertion with dewplayer []
media/player	Audio insertion with hbs_mp3_player []
media/player_mp3_multi	Audio insertion with player_mp3_multi []
media/video	Video insertion []

nuclear

	Output
nuclear/nucleide	Data about nucleides, or LaTeX typesetting []
nuclear/reaction	Typesetting nuclear reactions from plain text formulas []

numeration

	Output
numeration/babylonien	Ecriture Babylonienne d'un nombre entier []
numeration/baseblock	Base blocks in numeration []
numeration/basep	Passage de la base dix vers la base p. []
numeration/ecriturelettre	Writing of a number in letters. []
numeration/ecriturenombre	Writing a number with grouping the numbers by three. []
numeration/egyptien	Ecriture Egyptienne d'un nombre entier []
numeration/romain	Numération romaine []

oef

	Output
oef/blank	Blank []
oef/codelim	OEF code length limit register []
oef/codename	Register OEF code reply name allow/deny []
oef/env	Get an OEF environment variable []
oef/insfilename	Output the file name of the last insert []
oef/newfile	Save a text in a file []
oef/postsrc	OEF code input postpender []
oef/presrc	OEF code input prepender []
oef/sortorder	Sort order []

polynomial

	Output
polynomial/random	Random polynomial []

set

	Output
set/subset	Subsets of a set []

stat

	Output
stat/1d	Computes 1-dimensional statistical data []
stat/arithmean	Arithmetic mean of statistical data []
stat/beta	Generation of beta random data []
stat/betacdf	Cumulative distribution function of a Beta law []
stat/betainv	Quantiles of a Beta law []
stat/betapdf	Probability density function of a Beta law []
stat/binomial	Generation of binomial random data []
stat/binomialcdf	cumulative distribution function of Binomial law []
stat/binomialinv	Quantile of Binomial law []
stat/binomialpdf	Probability density function of the binomial law []
stat/boxplot	Box plot []
stat/cauchy	Generation of Cauchy random data []
stat/cauchycdf	Cumulative distribution function of Cauchy law []
stat/cauchyinv	Quantile of Cauchy law []
stat/cauchypdf	Probability density function of Cauchy law []
stat/chi2	Generation of chi-square random data []
stat/chi2cdf	Chi-square cumulative distribution function []
stat/chi2inv	Quantile of a chi-square distribution []
stat/chi2pdf	Chi-square probability density function []
stat/correlation	Matrix of correlation []
stat/covariance	Matrix of covariance []
stat/deviation	Deviation of statistical data []
stat/discretelaw	Generation of a discrete law with nonnegative coefficients []
stat/effectif	Effectifs of statistical series in classes []
stat/empiric	Generation of random numbers with a discrete law []
stat/exponential	Generation of exponential random numbers []
stat/exponentialcdf	Cumulative distribution function of exponential law []
stat/exponentialinv	Quantile of exponential law []
stat/exponentialpdf	Probability density function of exponential law []
stat/fisher	Generation of Fisher random data []
stat/fishercdf	Fisher cumulative distribution function. []
stat/fisherinv	Quantiles of a Fisher law (also called F-distribution) []
stat/fisherpdf	Fisher probability density function []
stat/freq	Frequencies of statistical data []
stat/gamma	Generation of Gamma random data []
stat/gammacdf	Cumulative distribution function of Gamma law []
stat/gammainv	Quantile of a Gamma distribution []
stat/gammapdf	Gamma probability density function []
stat/geomean	Geometric mean of data []
stat/geometric	Generation of random data with a Geometric distribution on N []
stat/geometric1	Generation of random data with a Geometric distribution on N* []
stat/geometric1cdf	Cumulative distribution function of a Geometric distribution on N* []
stat/geometric1inv	Quantiles of a Geometric law on N* []
stat/geometric1pdf	Probability density function of a Geometric law on N* []
stat/geometriccdf	Cumulative distribution function of a Geometric law on N []
stat/geometricinv	Quantiles of a Geometric law on N []
stat/geometricpdf	Probability density function of geometric law on N []
stat/harmonic	Harmonic mean of statistical data []
stat/histo	Histogram []
stat/hypergeometric	Generation of Hypergeometric random data []
stat/hypergeometriccdf	Cumulative distribution function of a hypergeometric law []
stat/hypergeometricinv	Quantile of hypergeometric law inverse []
stat/hypergeometricpdf	Probability density function of a Hypergeometric law []
stat/laplace	Generation of Laplace random data []
stat/laplacecdf	Laplace cumulative distribution function []
stat/laplaceinv	Quantiles of the Laplace law []
stat/laplacepdf	Laplace probability density function []
stat/linearcong	Generation of linear congruential random integers []
stat/logistic	Generation of logistic random data []
stat/logisticcdf	Logistic cumulative distribution function []
stat/logisticinv	Quantile of the logistic law []
stat/logisticpdf	Probability density function of the logistic law []
stat/lognormal	Generation of lognormal random data []
stat/lognormalcdf	Cumulative distribution function of log-normal law []
stat/lognormalinv	Quantile of log-normal law []
stat/lognormalpdf	Probability density function of log-normal law []
stat/median	Data median []
stat/multinomial	Generation of multinomial random data []
stat/nbin	Generation of Negative binomial random data []
stat/nbincdf	Cumulative distribution function of the Negative Binomial law []
stat/nbininv	Quantile of a Negative Binomial law. []
stat/nbinpdf	Probability density function of a Negative Binomial law []
stat/normal	Generation of Gaussian random data []
stat/normalcdf	Cumulative distribution function of the normal distribution []
stat/normalinv	Quantile of the normal law []
stat/normalpdf	Probability density function of the normal law []
stat/pascal	Generation of Pascal random data []
stat/pascalcdf	Cumulative distribution function of the Pascal law []
stat/pascalinv	Quantile of a Pascal law. []
stat/pascalpdf	Probability density function of a Pascal law []
stat/piechart	Pie chart []
stat/poisson	Generation of random numbers with Poisson law []
stat/poissoncdf	Poisson cumulative distribution function []
stat/poissoninv	Quantile of a Poisson law []
stat/poissonpdf	Probability density function of a Poisson law []
stat/posdiscretelaw	Generation of a discrete law with positive coefficients []
stat/prod	Product of data []
stat/quadratic	Quadratic mean []
stat/quantile	Quantile []
stat/random	Generation of random numbers []
stat/range	Data range []
stat/student	Generation of Student random data []
stat/studentcdf	Student cumulative distribution function []
stat/studentinv	Quantile of a Student law []
stat/studentpdf	Probability density function of a Student law []
stat/sum	Data sum []
stat/variance	Variance []
stat/weibull	Generation of Weibull random data []
stat/weibullcdf	Cumulative distribution function of Weibull law []
stat/weibullinv	Quantile of Weibull law []
stat/weibullpdf	Probability density function of Weibull law []

text

	Output
text/approximation	Calculate an approximation interval for a given real []
text/balloon	Talking Balloons (Cartoon style) []
text/cdecomment	Extract comment from a c source code. []
text/comblin	Simplify a linear combination []
text/crossword	Crossword []
text/cutchoice2	Cut out embedded choices for OEF []
text/cutchoices	Cut out embedded choices for OEF []
text/markerror	For marking words with mistake []
text/markgroup	For marking group of words with given explanation []
text/marktext	Texte for use with type mark for OEF (word) []
text/marktextpartial	For marking some words with given explanation []
text/markword	For use with type mark in OEF []
text/matrixhtml	Transform a matrix into html matrix (table). []
text/matrixinsert	Insert a coefficient in a matrix []
text/matrixtex	Matrix in Latex []
text/maximamatrix	Transform a matrix to maxima format []
text/octavematrix	Transform an octave output matrix into standard format []
text/sigunits	Make a representation of a physical quantity with a given number of significative digits []
text/spirale	Write on a spirale []
text/whitespace	Replace white spaces []

triplerelation

	Output
triplerelation/tabular	Double entry table for training to relations between three quantities []

utilities

	Output
utilities/date	Date []
utilities/mathcalc	Mathcalc []
utilities/nopaste	No copy-paste []
utilities/notepad	Notepad []
utilities/tooltip	Tooltip containing an html text which appears when the mouse points on a word. []
utilities/trigo-calc	Inline Trigonometric calculator []

Table of Contents

---

Flydraw Documentation

Each command takes one line.

In the following table, [color] may be either a color name, or 3 integers between 0 and 255, separated by commas, for the values of red,green,blue.

Drawing commands

-
Synonymes
affine a,b,c,d,tx,ty
		Make an affine transformation for the subsequent objects: (x;y) -> [a,b;c,d](x;y)+(tx;ty).
alt texte
		This command is only available for WIMS OEF and doc and MUST appear on the first line. It gives the attribut alt="text" to the image.
animate fra,del,rep
		This command is only available for WIMS OEF and doc, and MUST appear on the first line or after the command alt. Set up animation for fra frames, with del seconds between frames, and rep repetitions (rep=0 means infinite repetition). Frame control is done via two variables: animstep (integer) going from 1 to frame count, and s going from 0 to 1.
animstep n
		Set up an integer which can be called in any evaluation. Used for animation. Direct use of this command must be avoided under WIMS.
arc x,y,w,h,a1,a2,[color]
		Arc segment of an ellipse of width w and hight h centered at (x,y), from angle a1 to angle a2 (in degrees).
arrow x1,y1,x2,y2,l,[color]
		Arrow (x1,y1)--->(x2,y2), where l is the length (in pixels) of arrowhead.
arrow2 x1,y1,x2,y2,l,[color]
		Two sided arrow (x1,y1)<--->(x2,y2), where l is the length (in pixels) of arrowhead.
circle x,y,d,[color]
		Circle of center (x,y) and diameter d (in pixels).
circles [color],x1,y1,d1,x2,y2,d2 ...
		Circles of center (x1;y1) and diameter d1 (according to xrange) ...
comment
		Does nothing.
copy x,y,x1,y1,x2,y2,[filename]
insert		Insert the region from (x1,y1) to (x2,y2) (in pixels) of [filename] to (x,y). If x1=y1=x2=y2=-1, the whole [filename] is copied. [filename] is the address of the file from the directory wims/public_html/gifs or from the directory common_images for OEF modules.
copyresized x1,y1,x2,y2,dx1,dy1,dx2,dy2,[filename]
		Insert the region from (x1,y1) to (x2,y2) (in pixels) of [filename], possibly resized, to the region of (dx1,dy1) to (dx2,dy2). If x1=y1=x2=y2=-1, the whole [filename] is copied and resized.
crosshair x1,y1,[color]
		draw a crosshair point at (x1,y1)
crosshairs [color], x1,y1,x2,y2,...
		draw multiple crosshair points at given coordinates (x1,y1), (x2,y2), ...
crosshairsize w
		Set crosshair size to w (in pixels).
darrow x1,y1,x2,y2,l,[color]
dasharrow dashedarrow		Dashed arrow (x1,y1)- - ->(x2,y2), where l is the length (in pixels) of arrowhead.
darrow2 x1,y1,x2,y2,l,[color]
dasharrow2 dashedarrow2		Two sided dashed arrow (x1,y1)<- - ->(x2,y2), where l is the length (in pixels) of arrowhead.
dhline x,y,[color]
dashedhorizontalline dashhorizontalline hdline horizontaldashedline		Dashed horizontal line through (x,y).
diamondfill x,y,nx,ny,[color]
diafill		Flood fill the region containing (x,y) with the same original color by double hatching (parallel lines), (nx,ny) being the horizontal and vertical distance between adjacent lines (in pixels).
dline x1,y1,x2,y2,[color]
dashedline dashline		Segment en pointillés entre les points de coordonnées (x1; y1) et (x2; y2).
dlines [color],x1,y1,x2,y2,x3,y3...
dashedlines dashlines		n dashed line segments (x1,y1)---(x2,y2)---(x3,y3)...
dotfill x,y,nx,ny,[color]
pointfill diskfill		Flood fill the region containing (x,y) with the same original color by (fat) dots at each (nx,ny) pixels.
dsegment x1,y1,x2,y2,[color]
dashsegment		Dashed line segment (x1,y1)---(x2,y2).
dvline x,y,[color]
dashedverticaline dashverticalline vdline verticaldashedline		Dashed vertical line through (x,y).
ellipse x,y,w,h,[color]
		Ellipse with center (x,y), width w and height h.
ellipses [color],x1,y1,w1,h1,x2,y2,w2,h2,...
		Ellipse with center (x1,y1), width w1 and height h1 etc.
fcircle x,y,d,[color]
ball disk filledcircle		Filled circle of center (x,y) and diameter d (in pixels).
fellipse x,y,w,h,[color]
filledellipse		Filled ellipse with center (x,y), width w and height h.
fill x,y,[color]
flood floodfill		Flood fill the region containing (x,y) with the same original color, by color.
filltoborder x,y,[color1],[color2]
		Flood fill by color2 the region containing (x,y) and bounded by color1.
fpoly [color],x1,y1,x2,y2,x3,y3...
filledpoly filledpolygon fpolygon		Filled polygon (x1,y1)-(x2,y2)-(x3,y3)...
frect x1,y1,x2,y2,[color]
filledrect fillecrectangle frectangle		Filled rectangle with corners (x1,y1) and (x2,y2).
fsquare x,y,s,[color]
filledsquare		Filled square with sides s (in pixels) and first corner at (x,y).
ftriangle x1,y1,x2,y2,x3,y3,[color]
filledtriangle		Filled triangle with vertices (x1,y1),(x2,y2),(x3,y3).
gridfill x,y,nx,ny,[color]
		Flood fill the region containing (x,y) with the same original color by a grid of horizontal and vertical lines with distance (nx,ny) (in pixels).
hatchfill x,y,nx,ny,[color]
		Flood fill the region containing (x,y) with the same original color by hatching (parallel lines), (nx,ny) being the horizontal and vertical displacement of adjacent lines (in pixels).
hline x,y,[color]
horizontalline		Horizontal line through (x,y).
interlace
		Set interlaced image
killaffine
		Reset affine transformation to identity.
killbrush
		Turns off brush selection for line drawing.
killlinear
killrotation killrotate		Reset linear transformation to identity.
killtile
		Turns off tile selection for filling.
killtranslation
killtranslate		Reset translation to identity.
lattice x0,y0,x1,y1,x2,y2,n1,n2,[color]
		A lattice of n1xn2 points starting with (x0,y0), with n1 rows in direction of (x1,y1) and n2 rows in direction of (x2,y2).
levelcurve [color],expression,l1,l2,...
		Draws level curves for expression, with levels l1, l2,...
levelstep n
		Set the number of pixel steps in levelcurve plotting. Between 1 and 16, defaults to 4.
linear a,b,c,d
		Make a linear transformation for the subsequent objects: (x;y) -> [a,b;c,d](x;y).
linewidth w
		Set line width to w (in pixels) for line drawing.
multicopy n1,n2,...,nk, [filename]
		Copy the image [filename] in the parallelogram given by parallelogram command (with deformation) and apply to it the transformations n_1, ..., n_k (up to 19). If no n1 ... are given, all the transformations are applied. So setparallelogram and some setvector or setmatrix or settransform must be previously defined.
new x,y
		Set a new image of size x,y.
output [filename]
		Output the current image to [filename].
parallel x1,y1,x2,y2,xv,yv,n,[color]
		n parallel lines starting from (x1,y1)---(x2,y2), with displacement (xv,yv).
pixels [color],x1,y1,x2,y2,...
		Points (all of diameter 1) at (x1,y1), (x2,y2), ...
plot [color],[formula]
curve		Plot a curve according to [formula] which can be either an explicit function of x, or a pair of parametric functions in t.
plotjump j
		Plotted curve will jump if two consecutive points have distance more than j pixels. Useful to avoid plotting discontinuous functions as continuous. Default value: 200.
plotstep n
plotsteps tstep tsteps		Set the number of point computations in curve plot. Defaults to 100.
point x,y,[color]
		A (fat) point at (x,y), whose diameter is equal to linewidth.
points [color],x1,y1,x2,y2,...
		(Fat) points at (x1,y1), (x2,y2), ..., whose diameters are equal to linewidth.
polygon [color],x1,y1,x2,y2,x3,y3...
poly		Polygon (x1,y1)-(x2,y2)-(x3,y3)...
polyline [color],x1,y1,x2,y2,x3,y3...
brokenline lines:deprecated		n line segments (x1,y1)---(x2,y2)---(x3,y3)...
range x1,x2,y1,y2
		Set the drawing range to [x1,x2] horizontally and [y1,y2] vertically. Note that by default, horizontal range is [0,xsize-1] and vertical range is [ysize-1,0].
rays [color],x0,y0,x1,y1,x2,y2...
		Line segments (x0,y0)---(x1,y1), (x0,y0)---(x2,y2), ...
rect x1,y1,x2,y2,[color]
rectangle		Rectangle with corners (x1,y1) and (x2,y2).
resetmatrix n
		Reset n-th linear or affine transformation to identity.
resetparallelogram
		kill setparallelogram
resetvector n
		Reset n-th translation to identity.
resettransform n
		Reset n-th linear, affine transformation and n-th translation to initial values (identity or null vector).
rotation d
rotate		Make a rotation of degree d counter-clockwise (centered at (0,0)), for the subsequent objects.
segment x1,y1,x2,y2,[color]
seg line:deprecated		Line segment (x1,y1)---(x2,y2).
segments [color],x1,y1,x2,y2,x3,y3,x4,y4, ...
		Line segments (x1; y1)---(x2; y2), (x3; y3)---(x4; y4), ...
setbrush [filename]
		Use the image [filename] as a brush for all line draws.
setmatrix n,a,b,c,d
		Make the n-th linear transformation for multicopy objects: (x;y) -> [a,b;c,d](x;y).
setparallelogram xs,ys,xu,yu,xv,yv
		Prepare the place where the image will be copied by multicopy (mathematical coordinates) : xs,ys mathematical coordinates of the origin point, xu,yu mathematical coordinates of the "horizontal line of the image" to copy, xv,yv mathematical coordinates of the "verticale line of the image" to copy.
setpixel x,y,[color]
		A point (of diameter 1 pixel) at (x,y).
setstyle [color1],[color2],...
		Set the line style to color1,color2,...
settile [filename]
		Use the image [filename] as a tile for all filling commands.
settransform n,a,b,c,d,tx,ty
		Make the n-th linear transformation for multicopy objects: (x;y) -> [a,b;c,d](x;y) + (tx;ty). (settransform n,a,b,c,d,tx,ty is equivalent to setmatrix n,a,b,c,d and setvector n,tx,ty, so it kills a previous definition setmatrix n,a,b,c,d with the same number n).
setvector n,tx,ty
		Make the n-th translation for multicopy objects: (x;y) -> (tx,ty).
size x,y
		Set the image size to x pixels horizontally and y pixels vertically.
square x,y,s,[color]
		Square with sides s (in pixels) and first corner at (x,y).
text [color],x,y,[font],[string]
print string write		Write the string at (x,y), with font=small,medium,large or giant.
textup [color],x,y,[font],[string]
stringup writeup		Write upwards the string at (x,y), with font=small,medium,large or giant.
trange t1,t2
ranget		Set the t range to [t1,t2] for parametric curve plotting. Defaults to [0,1].
translation tx,ty
translate		Make a translation for the subsequent objects: (x;y) -> (x;y)+(tx;ty).
transparent [color]
		Makes [color] a transparent color.
triangle x1,y1,x2,y2,x3,y3,[color]
		Triangle with vertices (x1,y1),(x2,y2),(x3,y3).
vimg n
		Enable (1) or disable (0) vector graphics output.
vimgfile [filename]
		Direct vector graphics output (currently DXF only) to [filename].
vline x,y,[color]
verticalline		Vertical line through (x,y).
xrange x1,x2
rangex		Set the horizontal drawing range to [x1,x2]. Defaults to [0,xsize-1].
yrange y1,y2
rangey		Set the horizontal drawing range to [y1,y2]. Defaults to [ysize-1,0].

Table of Contents

---

Canvasdraw Documentation

• Store canvas in variable "A": \text{A=canvasdraw(xsize,ysize commande...)}
• Direct display canvas in statement: \canvasdraw{xsize,ysize}{commande...}

Canvasdraw versus Flydraw

enter a command name

Implemented canvasdraw commands (30-09-2023)

• canvasdraw
• affine
• duplicates
• angle
• animate
• arc
• arrowarc arcarrow
• arrow vector
• arrows vectors
• arrow2
• arrows2
• arrowhead
• audio
• axisnumbering
• axis
• barchart
• bezier
• bgcolor
• bgimage
• blink
• boxplot
• boxplotdata
• canvastype
• centered
• centerstring
• circle disk
• circles disks
• clearbutton delete erase
• clock
• colorpalette
• copy
• copyresized
• crosshair
• crosshairs
• crosshairsize
• css
• cursor pointer
• curve plot
• curvedarrow
• curvedarrow2
• curvedarrows
• curvedarrows2
• dashed
• dashtype
• diamondfill
• dotfill
• drag
• ellipse
• ellipses
• fillall
• filled
• fillcolor
• fillpattern settileimage_url
• filltoborder
• floodfill fill
• fontcolor
• fontfamily
• fontsize
• functionlabel functionlabels
• grid
• gridfill
• group
• demiline halfline
• demilines halflines
• hatchfill
• hline horizontalline
• hlines horizontallines
• http
• html
• imagefill
• imagepalette
• input
• intooltip
• jscurve jsplot
• jsmath
• kill
• killaffine
• killlinear
• killrotate
• killslider
• killtranslation killtranslate
• latex math
• lattice
• linear
• line
• lines
• linewidth
• levelcurve
• legend
• legendcolors
• linegraph
• mathml
• mouse
• mouse_degree
• display
• precision
• mousex
• mousey
• multidash
• multidraw
• multilabel
• multilinewidth
• multifill
• multifillcolors
• multifillopacity
• multisnaptogrid multisnap
• multistrokecolors
• multistrokeopacity
• multiuserinput multiinput
• noreset killreset
• noxaxis
• noyaxis
• numberline
• obabel
• opacity transparent
• onclick
• parallel
• plotsteps
• point
• points
• poly
• polyline
• popup
• protractor
• pixels
• pixelsize
• piechart
• range
• rays
• rect
• rects
• replyformat
• roundrect
• roundrects
• ruler
• resetoffset
• rotate
• rotationcenter
• size
• segment seg
• segments segs
• setlimits
• setpixel
• slider
• sgraph
• snaptofunction snaptofun
• snaptopoints
• snaptogrid
• square
• status
• string
• stringup
• highlight
• strokecolor
• text
• textarea
• textfill
• textup
• trace_jscurve
• trange ranget
• translation translate
• triangle
• triangles
• userboxplot
• userboxplotdata
• userdraw
• userinput userinput_function userinput_xy
• userinput_xy
• userinput_function userinput
• vline verticalline
• vlines verticallines
• video
• xaxis xaxistext
• xaxisup xaxistextup
• xerrorbars
• newrange
• xrange rangex
• xsnaptogrid
• xoffset
• xyoffset
• xunit
• xlabel
• xlogbase
• xlogscale
• xylogscale
• yaxis yaxistext
• yerrorbars
• yoffset
• yrange rangey
• ysnaptogrid
• ylabel
• ylogbase
• ylogscale
• yunit
• zoom

canvasdraw ↑

canvasdraw

• Canvasdraw will try use the same basic syntax structure as flydraw
• General syntax
  • The transparency of all objects can be controlled by command opacity [0-255],[0,255]
  • line width of any object can be controlled by command linewidth int
  • any may be dashed by using keyword dashed before the object command.
    the dashing type can be controled by command dashtype int,intplease note: dashing may have different spacing depending on the angle of the line
    see https://wimsedu.info/?topic=dashed-arrows-not-dashed-in-canvasdraw
  • a fillable object can be set fillable by starting the object command with an f (like frect,fcircle,ftriangle ...) or by using the keyword filled before the object command.
    The fill colour of non_userdraw objects will be the stroke colour...(flydraw harmonization 19/10/2013)
    non-solid filling (grid,hatch,diamond,dot,text) is provided using command fillpattern a_pattern
    note: do not use a f with this non-solid pattern filling !
    for filltoborder x0,y0,color or fill x0,y0,color type filling (eg fill a region around x0,y0 with color until a border is encountered),
    there are non-solid pattern fill analogues:
    • gridfill x,y,dx,dy,color
    • hatchfill x,y,dx,dy,color
    • diamondfill x,y,dx,dy,color
    • dotfill x,y,dx,dy,color
    • textfill x,y,color,sometext_or_char
  • all draggable objects may have a slider for translation / rotation; several objects may be translated / rotated by a single slider
  • a draggable object can be set draggable by a preceding command drag x/y/xy
    The translation can be read by javascript:read_dragdrop();The replyformat is: object_number : x-orig : y-orig : x-drag : y-drag
    The x-orig/y-orig will be returned in maximum precision (javascript float)...
    the x-drag/y-drag will be returned in defined precision number of decimals
    Multiple objects may be set draggable / clickable (no limit)
    not all flydraw objects may be dragged / clicked
    Only draggable / clickable objects will be scaled on zoom and will be translated in case of panning.
  • a onclick object can be set clickable by the preceding keyword onclick
    not all flydraw objects can be set clickable
  • remarks using a ; as command separator. Commands with only numeric or colour arguments may be using a ; as command separator (instead of a new line). Commands with a string argument may not use a ; as command separator !
    these exceptions are not really straight forward... so keep this in mind.
  • almost every userdraw object,color or multidraw command family may be combined with keywords "snaptogrid | xsnaptogrid | ysnaptogrid | snaptofunction or command snaptopoints x1,y1,x2,y2,...
  • every draggable | onclick object may be combined with keywords snaptogrid | xsnaptogrid | ysnaptogrid | snaptofunction or command snaptopoints x1,y1,x2,y2,...
  • almost every command for a single object has a multiple objects counterpart:
    
    general syntax rule:
    • object x1,y1,...,color
    • objects color,x1,y1,...
  • All inputfields or textareas generated, can be styled individually using command css some_css
    the fontsize used for labeling these elements can be controlled by command fontsize int
    command fontfamily is not active for these elements
• If needed multiple interactive scripts (*) may be used in a single webpage.
  A function read_canvas() and / or read_dragdrop() can read all interactive userdata from these images.
  The global array canvas_scriptswill contain all unique random "canvas_root_id" of the included scripts.
  The included local javascript "read" functions read_canvas%d() and read_dragdrop%d() will have this %d = canvas_root_id
  e.g. canvas_scripts[0] will be the random id of the first script in the page and will thus provide a function
  fun = eval("read_canvas"+canvas_scripts[0]) to read user based drawings / inputfield in this first image.
  The read_dragdrop is analogue.
  If the default reply formatting is not suitable, use command replyformat to format the replies for an individual canvas script,
  To read all user interactions from all included canvas scripts, use something like:
  function read_all_canvas_images(){
 var script_len = canvas_scripts.length;
 var draw_reply = "";
 var found_result = false;
 for(var p = 0 ; p < script_len ; p++){
  var fun = eval("read_canvas"+canvas_scripts[p]);
  if( typeof fun === 'function'){
   var result = fun();
   if( result  && result.length != 0){
    if(script_len == 1 ){.return result;};
     found_result = true;
     draw_reply = draw_reply + result + "newline";
    };
   };
  };
 if( found_result ){return draw_reply;}else{return null;};
};
  (*) Note: the speed advantage over canvas-do-it-all libraries is reduced to zero, when multiple canvasdraw scripts are present in a single page...
  For example a typical canvasdraw script is between 5 and 40 kB...a large library like JSXgraph is approx 600 kB
  In these cases it would be much faster to load a static general HTML5 canvas javascript draw library and parse it multiple raw fly instructions !
  
• Canvasdraw can be used to paint a html5 bitmap image
  by generating a tailor-made javascript include file: providing only the js-functionality needed to perform the job.
  thus ensuring a minimal strain on the client browser
  (unlike some popular canvas-do-it-all libraries, who have proven to be not suitable for low-end computers found in schools...)
• You can check the javascript reply format in the wims tool direct exec
• For usage within OEF (without anstype draw), something like this (a popup function plotter) will work:
  ext{popup_grapher=wims(exec canvasdraw
popup
size 400,400
xrange -10,10
yrange -10,10
axis
axisnumbering
opacity 100,100
grid 2,2,grey,2,2,6,black
snaptogrid
linewidth 2
jsplot red,5*sin(1/x)
strokecolor green
functionlabel f(x)=
userinput function
mouse blue,22
)
}
\statement{
\popup_grapher
}.
• Be aware that older browsers will probably not work correctly
  no effort has been undertaken to add glue code for older browsers !!
  in any case it is not wise to use older browsers...not just for canvasdraw.
• Be aware that combining several different objects and interactivity may lead to problems.
• If you find flaws, errors or other incompatibilities -not those mentioned in this document- send me an email with screenshots and the generated javascript include file.
• There is limited support for touch devices: touchstart, touchmove and touchend in commands userdraw primitives , multidraw primitives , protractor, ruler and probably a few others...
  Only single finger gestures are supported (for now).
  The use of a special pen is advised for interactive drawing on touch devices.
  For more accurate user-interaction (numeric, eg keyboard driven drawings) with canvasdraw on touch devices: use the command family userinput.

affine ↑

affine a,b,c,d,tx,ty

• defines a transformation matrix for subsequent objects
• use keyword killaffine to end the transformation...the next objects will be drawn in the original x/y-range
• a: Scales the drawings horizontally
• b: Skews the drawings horizontally
• c: Skews the drawings vertically
• d: Scales the drawings vertically
• tx: Moves the drawings horizontally in xrange coordinate system
• ty: Moves the drawings vertically in yrange coordinate system
• the data precision may be set by preceding command precision int
• note: not all affine operations on canvasdraw objects will be identical to flydraw's behaviour. Make sure to check !
• : affine : affine+latex

duplicates ↑

duplicates || allowdups

• keyword (no arguments)
• only useful in case of a multidraw student reply.
• only useful in default replyformat (eg in case of a not specified replyformat).
• if set, duplicate (x:y) coordinates will not be removed from the student reply.
• technical: a javascript variable "allow_duplicate_answer = 1;" is declared.
• default for command multidraw is: removal of duplicates.

angle ↑

angle xc,yc,width,start_angle,end_angle,color

• width is in x-range
• angles are in degrees
• not compatible with flydraw
• will zoom in/out
• may be set onclick or drag&drop
• if angle size is controlled by command slider, use radians to set limits of slider
• angle and arc are exceptions in case of sliders...they are always active (e.g. not click-activated)
• : angle : angle_slider

animate ↑

animate

• keyword
• if set, it will animate a point on a curve
• all other canvas object or group of objects (like lines,circles,rects,points...images,svg,latex,mathml etc)
  may be animated using command slider with keyword 'anim'
• the animated point is a filled rectangle ; adjust colour with command fillcolor colorname/hexnumber
• use linewidth to adjust size of the points
• will animate a point on -only- the next jsplot/jscurve command. Only a single call to animate is allowed...in case of multiple animate keywords, only the last one is valid
• only usable in combination with command jsplot (normal functions or parametric)
• moves repeatedly from xmin to xmax or in case of a parametric function from tmin to tmax
• use commands multilinewidth, multistrokecolor etc in case of multiple animated functions.
  use multiple functions as argument in a single call to jsplot color,fun1,fun2,fun3...fun_n
• : animate_1 : animate_2

arc ↑

arc xc,yc,x-width,y-height,start_angle,end_angle,color

• may be set onclick or drag xy
• compatible with flydraw
• attention: width & height in x/y-range
• for arrow hats on an arc, see command arcarrow or arrowarc
• better use command angle for use with a slider
• : arc : arc_filled

arrowarc ↑

arrowarc xc,yc,x-width,y-height,start_angle,end_angle,color,type

• alternative command: arcarrow
• uses same syntax as arc
• for arrow hat: type = 1 : right
  type = 2 : left
  type = 3 : left&right
• if the default arrow hat/head is not satisfactory , the size of the arrow may be set with command arrowhead
• no other arrow types are implemented...yet
• may be set draggable or onclick
• attention: when width ad height are very different, the arrow hat is not drawn correctly. This is a flaw and not a feature...(for now: too much calculations to correct)
• : arcarrow

arrow ↑

arrow x1,y1,x2,y2,h,color

• alternative command: vector
• draw a single headed arrow / vector from (x1:y1) to (x2:y2)
  with arrowhead size h in px and in color color
• use command linewidth int to adjust thickness of the arrow
• may be set draggable / onclick
• : arrow_drag : arrow_click

arrows ↑

arrows color,head (px),x1,y1,x2,y2...x_n,y_n

• alternative command: vectors
• draw single headed arrows / vectors from (x1:y1) to (x2:y2) ... (x3:y3) to (x4:y4) etc ... in color 'color'
• use command linewidth int to adjust thickness of the arrow
• may be set draggable / onclick individually
• : arrows_click : arrows_drag : arrows_drag_slider

arrow2 ↑

arrow2 x1,y1,x2,y2,h,color

• draw a double headed arrow/vector from (x1:y1) to (x2:y2)
  with arrowhead size h in px and in color color
• use command arrowhead int to adjust the arrow head size
• use command linewidth int to adjust thickness of the arrow
• may be set draggable / onclick
• : arrow2

arrows2 ↑

arrows2 color,head (px),x1,y1,x2,y2...x_n,y_n

• draw double headed arrows / vectors from (x1:y1) to (x2:y2) ... (x3:y3) to (x4:y4) etc ... in color color
• use command linewidth int to adjust thickness of the arrows
• may be set draggable / onclick individually
• : arrows2

arrowhead ↑

arrowhead int

• default 8 (pixels)

audio ↑

audio x,y,w,h,loop,visible,audiofile location

• x,y: left top corner of audio element (in xrange / yrange)
• w,y: width and height in pixels
• loop: 0 or 1 ( 1 = loop audio fragment)
• visible: 0 or 1 (1 = show controls)
• audio format may be in *.mp3 or *.ogg
• If you are using *.mp3: be aware that FireFox will not (never) play this ! (Pattented format)
• if you are using *.ogg: be aware that Microsoft based systems not support it natively
• To avoid problems supply both types (mp3 and ogg) of audiofiles.
  the program will use both as source tag

axisnumbering ↑

axisnumbering

• keyword (no arguments required)
• for special numbering of x-axis or y-axis see grid related commands axis xaxis, xaxisup, noxaxis, yaxis, yaxisup, noyaxis
• to be used before command grid (see command grid)

axis ↑

axis

• keyword (no arguments required)
• to be used before command grid (see command grid)

barchart ↑

barchart x_1:y_1:color_1:x_2:y_2:color_2:...x_n:y_n:color_n

• may only to be used together with command grid
• can be used together with freestyle x-axis/y-axis texts: see commands xaxis,xaxisup and yaxis
• use command legend to provide an optional legend in right-top-corner
• multiple barchart command may be used in a single script
• also see command piechart
• note: your arguments are not checked by canvasdraw: use your javascript console in case of trouble...
• : barchart

bezier ↑

bezier color,x_start,y_start,x_first,y_first,x_second,y_second,x_end,y_end

• draw a bezier curve between points, starting from (x_start:y_start)
• can not be dragged or set onclick

bgcolor ↑

bgcolor colorname or #hex

• use this color as background of the "div" containing the canvas(es)
• : bgcolor

bgimage ↑

bgimage image_location

• use an image as background; technical: we use the background of canvas_div
• the background image will be resized to match "width = xsize" and "height = ysize"
• : bgimage

blink ↑

blink time(seconds)

• NOT IMPLEMETED -YET

boxplot ↑

boxplot x_or_y,box-height_or_box-width,position,min,Q1,median,Q3,max

• example:
  xrange 0,300
yrange 0,10
boxplot x,4,8,120,160,170,220,245
  meaning: create a boxplot in x-direction, with height 4 (in yrange) and centered around line y=8
• example:
  xrange 0,10
yrange 0,300
boxplot y,4,8,120,160,170,220,245
  meaning: create a boxplot in y-direction, with width 4 (in xrange) and centered around line x=8
• use command filled to fill the box
  note: the strokecolor is used for filling Q1, the fillcolor is used for filling Q3
• use command fillpattern some_pattern to use a (diamond for Q1, hatch for Q3) pattern.
• use command opacity to adjust fill_opacity of stroke and fill colours
• use command legend to automatically create a legend
  unicode allowed in legend
  use command fontfamily to set the font of the legend.
• there is no limit to the number of boxplots used.
• can not be set draggable and onclick is not ready yet
• use keyword userboxplot before command boxplot, if a pupil must draw a boxplot (using his own min,Q1,median,Q3,max data)
• use keyword userboxplotdata before command boxplot, if a pupil must generate the data by some means.
• use command boxplotdata when the boxplot should be drawn from wims-generated raw statistical date
• : boxplot_1 : boxplot_2 : boxplot_3

boxplotdata ↑

boxplotdata some_data

• 'some_data' are a list of numbers separated by a comma "," (items)
• only be used before command boxplot: the command boxplot will provide the boxplot drawing of the data.
• xrange 0,100
  yrange 0,10
  boxplotdata 11,22,13,15,23,43,12,12,14,2,45,32,44,13,21,24,13,19,35,21,24,23
  boxplot x,4,5
• note: wims will not check your data input | format. use js-error console to debug any problems.
• a javascript function statistics() will parse the data and calculate the values [min,Q1,median,Q3,max] and hand them to the boxplot draw function.
• only a single call to boxplotdata can be made. If multiple boxplots should be present in a single canvas, then use multiple calls to command boxplot
• : boxplotdata

canvastype ↑

canvastype TYPE

• for now only useful before commands filltoborder / floodfill / clickfill etc operations
  Only the images of this TYPE will be scanned and filled
• default value of TYPE is DRAG_CANVAS e.g. 5 (all clickable / draggable object are in this canvas)
• use another TYPE, if you know what you are doing...
• other possible canvasses (e.g. transparent PNG pictures, xsize × ysize on top of each other)
  • EXTERNAL_IMAGE_CANVAS 0
  • BG_CANVAS 1
  • STATIC_CANVAS 2
  • MOUSE_CANVAS 3
  • GRID_CANVAS 4
  • DRAG_CANVAS 5
  • DRAW_CANVAS 6
  • TEXT_CANVAS 7
  • CLOCK_CANVAS 8
  • ANIMATE_CANVAS 9
  • TRACE_CANVAS 10
  • BOXPLOT_CANVAS 11
  • JSPLOT_CANVAS 100, will increase with every call
  • FILL_CANVAS 200, will increase with every call
  • USERDRAW_JSPLOT 300, will increase with every call
  • CLICKFILL_CANVAS 400, will increase with every call/click
  • BOXPLOT_CANVAS 500, will increase with every call

centered ↑

centered

• keyword ; to place the text centered (in width and height) on the text coordinates(x:y)
• may be used for text exactly centered on its (x;y)
• use fontfamily for setting the font
• may be active for commands text and string (e.g. objects in the drag/drop/onclick-library)
• : centered

centerstring ↑

centerstring color,y-value,the text string

• title color,y-value,the text string
• draw a string centered on the canvas at y = y-value
• can not be set onclick or drag xy (...)
• unicode supported: centerstring red,5,\u2232
• use a command like fontfamily italic 24pt Arial to set fonts on browser that support font change
• : centerstring

circle ↑

circle xc,yc,width (2*r in pixels),color

• use command fcircle xc,yc,d,color
• alternative command: disk
• use command fillcolor color to set the fillcolor
• may be set draggable / onclick
• will shrink / expand on zoom out / zoom in
• : circle

circles ↑

circles color,xc1,yc1,r1,xc2,yc2,r2...xc_n,yc_n,r_n

• attention r = radius in x-range (!)
• use keyword filled or command fcircles to produce solid circles
• alternative command: disks
• use command fillcolor color to set the fillcolor
• may be set draggable / onclick (individually)
• will shrink / expand on zoom out / zoom in
• : circles_drag : circles_onclick : circles_drag_slider

clearbutton ↑

clearbutton value

• alternative command: delete
• alternative command: erase
• adds a button to clear the userdraw canvas with text value
• attention command clearbutton is incompatible with multidraw based drawings
  (in multidraw there is always a remove_object_button for every draw primitive)
• normally userdraw primitives have the option to use middle/right mouse button on
  a point of the object to remove this specific object...this clear button will remove all drawings
• uses the tooltip placeholder div element: may not be used with command intooltip
• use command css to style the button...
• the clearbutton will have id="canvas_scripts[%d]" ; starting with %d=0 for the first script
  to change the style of all clearbutton of all included canvasdraw scripts, use something like
  if(document.getElementById("clearbutton"+canvas_scripts[0])){
 var p = 0;
 while(document.getElementById("clearbutton"+canvas_scripts[p])){
  document.getElementById("clearbutton"+canvas_scripts[p]).className="some_class_name";
  <!−− or document.getElementById("clearbutton"+canvas_scripts[p]).setAttribute("style","some_style"); −−>
  p++;
 };
};
• : clearbutton

clock ↑

clock x,y,r(px),H,M,S,type hourglass,interactive [ ,H_color,M_color,S_color,background_color,foreground_color ]

• use command opacity stroke-opacity,fill-opacity to adjust foreground (stroke) and background (fill) transparency
• type hourglass:
  type = 0: only segments
  type = 1: only numbers
  type = 2: numbers and segments
• colors are optional: if not defined, default values will be used
  default colours: clock 0,0,60,4,35,45,1,2
  custom colours: clock 0,0,60,4,35,45,1,2,,,,yellow,red
  custom colours: clock 0,0,60,4,35,45,1,2,white,green,blue,black,yellow
• if you don't want a seconds hand (or minutes...), just make it invisible by using the background color of the hourglass...
• interactive
  • 0: not interactive, just clock(s)
  • 1: function read_canvas() will read all active clocks in H:M:S format
    The active clock(s) can be adjusted by pupils
  • 2: function read_canvas() will return the clicked clock
    (like multiplechoice; first clock in script in nr. 0 )
  • 3: no prefab buttons...create your own buttons (or other means) to make the clock(s) adjustable by javascript function set_clock(num,type,diff)
    wherein: num = clock id (starts with 0) ; type = 1 (hours) ; type = 2 (minutes) ; type = 3 (seconds)
    and diff = the increment of 'type' (positive or negative)
• canvasdraw will not check validity of colornames...the javascript console is your best friend
• no combinations with other reply_types allowed, for now
• if interactive is set to 1, 6 buttons per clock will be displayed for adjusting a clock (H+ M+ S+ H- M- S-)
  set_clock(clock_id,type,incr)
  first clock has clock_id=0 ; type: H=1,M=2,S=3 ; incr: increment integer
• note: if you need multiple -interactive- clocks on a webpage, use multiple clock commands in a single script !
  and not multiple canvas scripts in a single page
• note: clocks will not zoom or pan, when using command zoom
• : clock_1 : clock_2 : clock_3 : clock_4 : clock_5 : clock_6 : clock_7

colorpalette ↑

colorpalette color_name_1,color_name_2,...,color_name_8

• opacity will be the same for all colors and is set by command opacity [0-255],[0-255]
• can be used with command userdraw clickfill,color when more than one fillcolor is wanted.
  in that case use for example replyformat 10 ... reply=x1:y1:color1,x2:y2:color2...
  the pupil can choose from the given colors by clicking small coloured buttons.
  the click coordinates and corresponding fillcolor will be stored in read_canvas()...when using the appropriate replyformat.
  the first color of the palette is color=0
• make sure to include the remove button by using command clearbutton some_text

copy ↑

copy x,y,x1,y1,x2,y2,[filename URL]

• The image may be "bitmap" or "SVG"
• Insert the region from (x1,y1) to (x2,y2) (in pixels) of [filename] to (x,y) in x/y-range
• If x1=y1=x2=y2=-1, the whole [filename URL] is copied.
• [filename] is the URL of the image
• TODO:move special image functions to generic 'dragstuff' library
• URL is normal URL of network reachable image file location
• if command drag x/y/xy is set before command copy, the images will be draggable
  javascript function read_canvas(); will return the x/y coordinate data in xrange/yrange of all -including non draggable- images
  the command drag is only valid for the next image
  draggable / non-draggable images may be mixed
  may be used together with preceding keywords snaptogrid, xsnaptogrid, ysnaptogrid or snaptopoints x1,y1,x2,y2....
• if keyword onclick is set before command copy the image(s) is clickable (marked with a green rectangle around the image)
  use 'read_dragdrop' to get the number of the clicked image(s)
  use command 'clearbutton some_text' to reset the reply/click array.
  example: 4 images; student clicked on image 2 and 3: reply = 0,1,1,0
  after clicking the clear button: reply = 0,0,0,0
  May be mixed with commands drag x|y|xy (use javascript read_canvas to get the new coordinates
• onclick for external images may be mixed with canvas generated stuff (like lines,curves, embeded XML etc)
• you may draw / userdraw / drag other stuff on top of an "imported" image
• the use of a slider is not possible: if needed, use command html x,y,<img src=my_image.svg />
• use keyword centered before command copy to place image center at given coordinates.
• : copy_onclick : copy_drag_xy : copy_drag_xy_snaptogrid

copyresized ↑

copyresized x1,y2,x2,y2,dx1,dy1,dx2,dy2,image_file_url

• The image may be any "bitmap" or "SVG"
• Insert the region from (x1,y1) to (x2,y2) (in pixels) of [ filename],
  possibly resized,
  to the region of (dx1,dy1) to (dx2,dy2) in x/y-range
• (dx1:dy1) must be left top corner; (dx2:dy2) must be right bottom corner of inserted image
• If x1=y1=x2=y2=-1, the whole [filename / URL ] is copied and resized.
• URL is normal URL of network reachable image file location
  (as seen from public_html-root or network reachable 'http://some_server/my_images/test.gif'
  (eg no special wims paths are searched !!)
• if command drag x/y/xy is set before command copy, the images will be draggable
  javascript function read_canvas(); will return the x/y coordinate data in xrange/yrange of all -including non draggable- images
  the command drag is only valid for the next image
  draggable / non-draggable images may be mixed
  may be used together with preceding keywords snaptogrid,xsnaptogrid,ysnaptogrid or snaptopoints x1,y1,x2,y2...
• if keyword onclick is set before command copy the image(s) is clickable (marked with a green rectangle around the image)
  use read_dragdrop to get the number of the clicked image(s)
  use command 'clearbutton some_text' to reset the reply/click array.
  example: 4 images; student clicked on image 2 and 3: reply = 0,1,1,0
  after clicking the clear button: reply = 0,0,0,0
  May be mixed with commands drag x|y|xy (use javascript read_canvas to get the new coordinates
• onclick for external images may be mixed with canvas generated stuff (like lines,curves etc)
• you may draw / userdraw / drag stuff on top of an "imported" image
• when set draggable, there will be special function 'read_canvas_images()'
  now dragging external images may be combined with 'read_canvas()' from userdraw or multidraw
  set command precision before command copy
• use keyword centered before command 'copyresized' to place image center at given coordinates.
• TODO:move special image functions to generic 'dragstuff' library

crosshair ↑

crosshair x,y,color

• draw a single crosshair point at (x;y) in color color
• use command crosshairsize int and / or linewidth int to adjust
• may be set draggable / onclick
• : crosshair

crosshairs ↑

crosshairs color,x1,y1,x2,y2,...,x_n,y_n

• draw multiple crosshair points at given coordinates in color color
• use command crosshairsize int and / or linewidth int to adjust
• may be set draggable / onclick individually (!)
• : crosshairs_1 : crosshairs_2

crosshairsize ↑

crosshairsize int

• default 8 (px)

css ↑

css css_class

• may be used before any style-able html object (like inputfields or buttons) or some html objects that are generated by some canvasdraw commands
• in case of multidraw this command must be a table css class, for example "wimstable"
• : css

cursor ↑

cursor some CSS cursor_style

• alternative command: pointer
• style can be any valid CSS property value
• choose from these types:
  alias,all-scroll,auto,cell,context-menu,col-resize,copy,crosshair,default,e-resize,
  ew-resize,grab,grabbing,help,move,n-resize,ne-resize,nesw-resize,ns-resize,nw-resize,
  nwse-resize,no-drop,none,not-allowed,pointer,progress,row-resize,s-resize,se-resize,
  sw-resize,text,url(myBall.cur),auto,vertical-text,w-resize,wait,zoom-in,zoom-out,initial
• note: wims will not check the validity of your cursor declaration
• : cursor_css

curve ↑

curve color,formula(x)

• alternative command: plot
• use command trange in parametric functions before every command curve / plot trange -pi,pi
curve color,formula1(t),formula2(t)
  A next parametric curve will only be correctly plot when trange is set again !
  this is a design flaw and not a feature...
• use command precision to increase the number of digits of the plotted points
• use command plotsteps to increase / decrease the amount of plotted points (default 150)
• may be set draggable / onclick
• if you need a plot beyond xrange / yrange, use jsplot (command curve will only calculate points within the xrange)
• : curve

curvedarrow ↑

curvedarrow x1,y1,xc,yc,x2,y2,color

• draw a single headed curved arrow from (x1:y1) in direction of (xc:yc) to point (x2:y2)
  note: the curve will not go through point (xc:yc)
• use command arrowhead to set the size of the arrow head.
• use command linewidth int to adjust thickness of the arrow
• may be set draggable / onclick
• : curvedarrow_drag : curvedarrow_click

curvedarrow2 ↑

curvedarrow2 x1,y1,xc,yc,x2,y2,color

• draw a double headed curved arrow from (x1:y1) in direction of (xc:yc) to point (x2:y2)
  note: the curve will not go through point (xc:yc)
• use command arrowhead to set the size of the arrow head.
• use command linewidth int to adjust thickness of the arrow
• may be set draggable / onclick
• : curvedarrow_drag : curvedarrow_click

curvedarrows ↑

curvedarrows color,x1,y1,xc,yc,x2,y2,...,x_(n-1),y_(n-1),xc,yc,x_n,y_n

• draw curved arrows from (x1:y1) in direction of (xc:yc) to point (x2:y2), etc
  note: the curve will not go through point (xc:yc)
• use command arrowhead to set the size of the arrow head.
• use command linewidth int to adjust thickness of the arrow
• may be set draggable / onclick
• : curvedarrows_drag : curvedarrows_click

curvedarrows2 ↑

curvedarrows2 color,x1,y1,xc,yc,x2,y2,...x_(n-1),y_(n-1),xc,yc,x_n,y_n

• draw double headed curved arrows from (x1:y1) in direction of (xc:yc) to point (x2:y2), etc.
  note: the curve will not go through point (xc:yc)
• use command arrowhead to set the size of the arrow head.
• use command linewidth int to adjust thickness of the arrow
• may be set draggable / onclick
• : curvedarrows2_drag : curvedarrows2_click

dashed ↑

dashed

• keyword (no arguments required)
• next object will be drawn with a dashed line
• change dashing scheme by using command dashtype
• : dashed

dashtype ↑

dashtype line_width_px,space_width_px

• every indiviual object may have its own dashtype, if needed...
• When keyword dashed is set, the objects will be drawn with this dashtype
• default value dashtype 2,2 e.g. 2px line and 2px space
• HTML5 canvas specification supports more arguments (dashing schemes) ... but not all modern browsers are yet capable
• : dashtype

diamondfill ↑

diamondfill x0,y0,dx,dy,color

• x0,y0 in xrange / yrange
• distances dx,dy in pixels
• there is also a command userdraw diamondfill,color
• : diamondfill

dotfill ↑

dotfill x0,y0,dx,dy,color

• x0,y0 in xrange / yrange
• distances dx,dy in pixels
• radius of dots is linewidth
• there is also a command userdraw dotfill,color
• : dotfill

drag ↑

drag [x][y][xy]

• the next object will be draggable in x / y / xy direction
• the displacement can be read by javascript:read_dragdrop();
• the precision (default 2 decimals) in the student reply may be set with command precision.
  Use this 'precision' command before this command 'drag x|y|xy' !
• onclick and drag x|y|xy may be combined (for different objects: a single object can either be onclick or drag, not both )
• multi_objects will be numbered in the given x/y-sequence (example: points red,0,0,1,1,2,2,3,3: point (0:0) is object_number 1)
• attention: static objects and onclick/drag objects of the same type (like point,circle,etc) with the same coordinates (e.g. objects that overlap) will give problems in the recognition algorithm) in this example
  linewidth 4
point 0,0,red
drag xy
point 0,0,blue
  the red point will not be recognised as draggable ! in the example
  linewidth 4
drag xy
point 0,0,red
drag xy
point 0,0,blue
  both points will be recognised
• the answer is: drag_or_onclick_object_number : Xorg : Yorg : Xnew : Ynew
  wherein object_number is the sequence number of the draggable & onclick objects in your script.
  Only draggable & onclick objects will have an object_number (e.g things like point,crosshair,line,segment,circle,rect,triangle...etc)
• use keyword snaptogrid, xsnaptogrid, ysnaptogrid or command snaptopoints x1,y1,x2,y2,... to switch from free to discrete movement
• in case of external images (commands copy / copyresized) the external image can be set draggable ; always xy.
  The function javascript;read_canvas() will return the xy-coordinates of all images.
• : drag_x : drag_y : drag_xy

ellipse ↑

ellipse xc,yc,width_x,height_y,color

• ellipses with center xc/yc and width/height in x/y-range etc (this differs from flydraw syntax!)
• may be set draggable / onclick
• will shrink / expand on zoom out / zoom in
• : ellipse

ellipses ↑

ellipses color,xc1,yc1,width_x1,height_y1,xc2,yc2,width_x2,height_y2,xc3,yc3,width_x3,height_y3,...

• ellipses with center and height in x/y-range etc (this differs from flydraw syntax!)
• may be set draggable / onclick
• will shrink / expand on zoom out / zoom in
• : ellipses

fillall ↑

fillall color,x1,y1,x2,y2...x_n,y_n

• fill all region containing points (x1:y1),(x2:y2)...(x_n:y_n) with color 'color'
• any other colors (objects) in the canvastype will act as border to the bucket fill
• use this command after all boundary objects are declared.
• Use command 'userdraw clickfill,color' for user click driven flood fill.
• use command canvastype to fill another canvas (default should be fine: DRAG_CANVAS = 5)
• note: the fill-family of commands are very (client) cpu intensive operations!
  filling is done pixel by pixel e.g. image size of 400x400 uses 160000 pixels: each pixel contains 4 data (R,G,B,Opacity) = 640000 data.
  on every data a few operations / comparisons are done...
  So have pity on your students CPU..
• : fillall

filled ↑

filled

• keyword (no arguments required)
• the next fillable object (only the next !) will be filled
• use command fillcolor color to set fillcolor
• use fillpattern for non-solid color filling.
• use command opacity 0-255,0-255 to set stroke and fill-opacity
• use command fill x,y,color or floodfill x,y,color to fill the space around (x;y) with color
  pixel operation implemented in javascript: use with care !

fillcolor ↑

fillcolor colorname or #hex

• set the color: mainly used for command 'userdraw obj,stroke_color'
• all fillable massive objects will have a fillcolor == strokecolor (just to be compatible with flydraw...)
• see fillpattern for non-solid color filling.

fillpattern ↑

fillpattern grid | hatch | diamond | dot | image_url

• alternative command: settileimage_url
• use a pattern as fillstyle
• suitable for all fillable object including the userdraw objects' family
• note: do not use the f for a fillable object : this is used exclusively for solid colour filling.
• the fillcolor is set by the object command, for example:
  size 370,370
xrange -5,5
yrange -5,5
opacity 165,150
fillpattern grid
fcircle -6,3,160,blue
fillpattern dot
fcircle -3,-3,160,red
fillpattern hatch
fcircle 0,3,160,green
filpattern diamond
fcircle 3,-3,160,cyan
userdraw dotfill,blue
zoom red
• the pattern dimensions are hardcoded (linewidth, radius,dx,dy are fixed)
• the pattern color is set by command fillcolor and opacity
• see fillcolor for solid color filling.
• when using an image-url, make sure it contains an / in the filename...fillpattern $module_dir/gifs/test.jpg will fill the next fillable object with this image.|
  the argument to html5 canvas routine 'createPattern(img,argument)' is set to repeat e.g. if the image is smaller then the canvas, multiple copies will be used to fill the area ( e.g. ctx.fillStyle() = pattern)
  for example:
  size 150,150
xrange -5,5
yrange -5,5
drag xy
fillpattern gifs/en.gif
fcircle 0,0,100,red
fillpattern gifs/nl.gif
drag xy
fcircle -3,2,100,green
fillpattern gifs/cn.gif
drag xy
fcircle 3,2,100,green
• fillpattern is also active for userdraw object,color...
  the userdraw family a has also clickfill type (e.g. an object gets filled between boundaries, when clicked) commands like:
  'userdraw dotfill,color'
  'userdraw hatchfill,color' etc
• : fillpattern_1 : fillpattern_2

filltoborder ↑

filltoborder x,y,bordercolor,color

• fill the region of point (x:y) with color 'color'
• any other color will not act as border to the bucket fill
• use this command after all boundary objects are declared.
• use command canvastype to fill another canvas (default should be fine: DRAG_CANVAS = 5)
• note: filltoborder is a very (client) cpu intensive operation!
  filling is done pixel by pixel e.g. image size of 400x400 uses 160000 pixels: each pixel contains 4 data (R,G,B,Opacity) = 640000 data.
  on every data a few operations / comparisons are done...
  So have pity on your students CPU..
• maybe used together with command userdraw clickfill,color
• : filltoborder

floodfill ↑

floodfill x,y,color

• alternative command: fill
• fill the region of point (x:y) with color 'color'
• any other color or size of picture (borders of picture) will act as border to the bucket fill
• use this command after all boundary objects are declared.
• Use command userdraw clickfill,color for user click driven flood fill.
• use command canvastype to fill another canvas (default should be fine: DRAG_CANVAS = 5)
• note: floodfill is a very (client) cpu intensive operation!
  filling is done pixel by pixel e.g. image size of 400x400 uses 160000 pixels: each pixel contains 4 data (R,G,B,Opacity) = 640000 data.
  on every data a few operations / comparisons are done...
  So have pity on your students CPU..
• : floodfill

fontcolor ↑

fontcolor color

• color: hexcolor or colorname
• default: black
• use command fontfamily to deviate from default font type
• : fontcolor

fontfamily ↑

fontfamily font_description

• set the font family; for browsers that support it
• font_description: Arial, Courier, Helvetica etc
• in case commands string color,x,y,the string, stringup color,x,y,rotation,the string, fontfamily can be something like:fontfamily italic 34pt Arial. Use correct syntax: font style, font size pt, fontfamily
• : fontfamily

fontsize ↑

fontsize font_size

• default value 12
• note: for some macros (like grid | legend | xaxistext | xlabel etc) sometimes command fontfamily can be used for some specific font-setting
  this is however not always very straight forward... so just try and see what happens

functionlabel ↑

functionlabel label_1:label_2:label_3...

• alternative command: functionlabels
• default value f(x)=:g(x)=:h(x)=:i(x)=:j(x)=:k(x)=:m(x)=:n(x)=
• no mathml allowed (just ascii string)
• use command fontsize int to adjust the size
• use command strokecolor colorname to adjust the labels (individually, if needed)
• if needed, use before every command userinput function | inputfield | textarea
• no limit in amount of inputfields for userbased function plotting
• : function_label

grid ↑

grid step_x,step_y,gridcolor

• if keywords axis or axisnumbering are set, use: grid step_x,step_y,major_color,minor_x,minor_y,tics height in px,axis_color minor x step = step_x / minor_x
• in that case, use command fontcolor, fontsize and / or fontfamily to adjust font; defaults: black,12,Arial
• if xmin > 0 and/or ymin > 0 and zooming / panning is not active: be aware that the x/y-axis numbering and x/y major/minor tic marks will not be visual as they are placed under the x-axis and left to the y-axis (in Quadrant II and IV)
• can not be set onclick or drag xy
• use commands xlabel some_string and/or ylabel some_string to label axis; use command fontsize to adjust size: the font family is non-configurable 'italic your_fontsize px Arial' !
• see commands xaxis or xaxistext, yaxis or yaxistext to set tailormade values on axis (the used font is set by command fontfamily; default '12px Arial')
• see command legend to set a legend for the graph; use command fontsize to adjust size (the font family is non-configurable 'bold your_fontsize px Arial')
• : grid : grid_axis : grid_axis_axisnumbering

gridfill ↑

gridfill x0,y0,dx,dy,color

• x0,y0 in xrange / yrange
• distances dx,dy in pixels
• there is also a command userdraw gridfill,color
• : gridfill

group ↑

group

• keyword
• work in 'progress'
• all objects(*) after the command and until kill group or killslider may be moved together with mouse moverments
  (*) for now all real canvas objects and latex / xml ; but no images (work in progress)
• may be combined with slider driven movements or drag & drop
• : group

demiline ↑

demiline x1,y1,x2,y2,color

• alternative command: halfline
• draws a halfline starting in (x1:y1) and through (x2:y2) in color 'color' (colorname or hex)
• may be set draggable / onclick
• : halfline

demilines ↑

demilines color,x1,y1,x2,y2,....

• alternative command: halflines
• draws halflines starting in (x1:y1) and through (x2:y2) in color 'color' (colorname or hex) etc
• may be set draggable / onclick indiviually
• : halflines

hatchfill ↑

hatchfill x0,y0,dx,dy,color

• x0,y0 in xrange / yrange
• distances dx,dy in pixels
• there is also a command userdraw hatchfill,color
• : hatchfill

hline ↑

hline x,y,color

• alternative command: horizontalline
• draw a horizontal line through point (x:y) in color 'color'
• or use command curve color,formula to draw the line (uses more points to draw the line; is however better draggable)
• may be set draggable / onclick
• : hline

hlines ↑

hlines color,x1,y1,x2,y2,...

• alternative command: horizontallines
• draw horizontal lines through points (x1:y1)...(xn:yn) in color 'color'
• may be set draggable / onclick individually
• : hlines

http ↑

http x1,y1,x2,y2,http://some_adress.com

• an active html-page will be displayed in an "iframe" rectangle left top (x1:y1), right bottom (x2:y2)
• do not use interactivity (or mouse) if the mouse needs to be active in the iframe
• can not be set onclick or drag xy
• : http

html ↑

html x1,y1,html_string

• all tags are allowed, html code using inputfields could be read using your own javascript code. Do not use ids like 'canvas_input0' etc.
• can be set onclick and drag&drop
• command affine will produce CSS3 matrix transformations
• command rotate will rotate the object
• use keyword centered to center the html object on (x1:y1)
• note: using drag&drop for all external P,SPAN,DIV,IMG,SVG-images onto a canvasdraw element, use onclick=javascript:place_image_on_canvas(this.id)
• note: sub & sup are supported in command family string, e.g. real internal canvas objects !
• : html-text : html-image-slider

imagefill ↑

imagefill x,y,scaling to xsize × ysize?,image_url

• The next suitable filled object will be filled with "image_url" tiled
• scaling to xsize × ysize ? ... 1 = yes 0 = no
• After pattern filling, the fill-color should be reset !
• wims getins / image from class directory: imagefill 80,80,my_image.gif
• normal url: imagefill 80,80,0,$module_dir/gifs/my_image.gif
• normal url: imagefill 80,80,1,http://adres/a/b/c/my_image.jpg
• if dx,dy is larger than the image, the whole image will be background to the next object.
• : imagefill_tile : imagefill_scale

imagepalette ↑

imagepalette image1,image2,image3,...

• if used before and together with command multidraw images,..,..., etc the image will be presented in a small table in the control panel.
• : imagepalette

input ↑

input x,y,size,editable,value

• to set inputfield "readonly", use editable = 0
• if no preset 'value' is needed...use a 'space' as last item argument
• only active inputfields (editable = 1) will be read with read_canvas();
• if $status=done (e.g. in answer.phtml) the inputfield will be cleared and set readonly
  override this by keyword status
• may be further controlled by css
• if mathml inputfields are present and / or some userdraw is performed, these data will not be send as well (javascript:read_canvas();)
• use keyword xoffset | centered if the inputfield should be centered on (x:y)
  default is the left top corner is (x:y)
• if the student must place an inputfield(s) somewhere on the canvas, use command userdraw input,color or make use of a command like userdraw text,color
• : input

intooltip ↑

intooltip link_text

• link_text is a single line (span-element)
• link_text may also be an image URL http://some_server/images/my_image.png or $module_dir/gifs/my_image.jpg
• link_text may contain HTML markup
• the canvas will be displayed in a tooltip on link_text
• the canvas is default transparent: use command bgcolor color to adjust background-color, the link text will also be shown with this 'bgcolor'.
• many userinput stuff will use the tooltip_placeholder_div element...only one is defined in the wims-page
  and are therefore these commands are mutually exclusive.
  keep this in mind...
• : intooltip

jscurve ↑

jscurve color,formula1(x),formula2(x),formula3(x),...

• alternative command: jsplot
• your function will be plotted by the javascript engine of the client browser
• if trange is defined, the two functions will be plotted parametric
  note: use x as variable...and not t. Use keyword animate to animate a point on the curve
• use only basic math in your curve: sqrt,^,asin,acos,atan,log,pi,abs,sin,cos,tan,e
• use parenthesis and rawmath: use 2*x instead of 2x ; use 2^(sin(x))...etc etc (use error console to debug any errors...)
• attention: last precision command in the canvasdraw script determines the calculation precision of the javascript curve plot !
• no validity check is done by wims.
• zooming & panning are implemented:
  use command zoom color for mouse driven zooming
  or use keyword 'setlimits' for inputfields setting xmin/xmax, ymin/ymax
• zooming & panning is better than for curves produced by command curve color,formula because for avery change in x/y-range the curve is recalculated in javascript
• zooming & panning in case of userbased functionplot: reclick the OK button to re-plot curve onto the resized grid
• use keyword animate for animating a point on the curve
• use command trace_jscurve formula(x) for tracing
• use command jsmath formula(x) for calculating and displaying indiviual points on the curve
• can not be set draggable / onclick (yet)
• commands plotjump / plotstep are not active for jscurve
• every command jscurve will produce a new canvas (canvastype 111,112,113...) for this one curve.
• plotting multiple js-curves on the same canvas (for example if you want to use 'userdraw clickfill,color' on canvastype number 111, use:
  jscurve red,fun1(x),fun2(x)...fun_n(x), you must specify individual multistrokecolors & multistrokeopacity & multilinewidth for these multiple js-curves to use different colors. Otherwise all curves will be the same color... Use commands like: multistrokecolors, multilinewidth, multidash, multistroke, color given for the command jscurve color,formulas(x) will not be used in that case... but the color argument must still be given in any case (otherwise syntax error...)
• : jscurve

jsmath ↑

jsmath some_math_function

• will calculate an y-value from a userinput x-value and draws a crosshair on these coordinates.
• default labels x and y; the commands xlabel some_x_axis_name and ylabel some_y_axis_name will set the label for the input fields
• use command 'css some_css' for styling the display fields. Use command 'fontsize int' to size the labels x and y
• the client browser will convert your math function to javascript math.
  use parenthesis and rawmath: use 2*x instead of 2x etc etc
  no check is done on the validity of your function and/or syntax
  use error console to debug any errors...
• be aware that the formula's of the plotted function(s) can be found in the page javascript source
• : jsmath

kill ↑

kill arguments

• arguments may be: affine linear translation rotation slider offset reset
• for documentation see: killaffine,killlinear,killtranslation...
• multiple arguments are allowed (although not checked for validity...)

killaffine ↑

killaffine

• keyword: resets the transformation matrix to 1,0,0,1,0,0
• note: any active linear transformation will also be reset: tx=0, ty=0

killlinear ↑

killlinear

• keyword: resets the transformation matrix to 1,0,0,1,tx,ty
• note:any active transformation or rotation will not be killed (tx,ty remain active)

killrotate ↑

killrotate

• will set the rotation angle to 0.
• will also reset the command rotationcenter to the first (x;y) of the next rotatable/slidable object(s)
  eg a following rotate command will have the first object point as rotation center
• if not set, the rotation center will remain unchanged
• note:any active transformation or linear will not be killed (e.g an active transformation matrix remains active)
• : killrotate

killslider ↑

killslider

• keyword (no arguments required)
• ends grouping of object under a previously defined slider

killtranslation ↑

killtranslation

• alternative command: killtranslate
• note: a active linear or affine transformation will not be 100% reset...only tx=0,ty=0
• resets the translation matrix a,b,c,d,tx,ty to a,b,c,d,0,0

latex ↑

latex x,y,tex string

• alternative command: math
• note: for a single greek letter ,please be smart and use a command like string along with unicode !!
  possibly together with command xoffset, yoffset or xyoffset
  See https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mathematical_operators_and_symbols_in_Unicode
  See https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greek_script_in_Unicode
• you may also use command mathml for xml strings generated with wims commmand mathmlmath (will not work on KaTeX enabled WIMS)
• transformation commands affine, translation and rotate are supported.(onclick and drag will work)
• can be set onclick: javascript:read_dragdrop(); will return click numbers of mathml-objects
  if 4 clickable object are drawn, the reply could be 1,0,1,0 ... meaning clicked on the first and third object
• can be set draggable:javascript:read_dragdrop(); will return all coordinates in the same order as the canvas script: unmoved object will have their original coordinates...
• can be moved/rotated with command slider
• snaptogrid is supported
• when clicked, the colour of the 'div background' of the 'mathobject' will be determined by the fillcolor and opacity settings
• userdraw may be combined with 'latex' ; the js-function 'read_canvas()' will contain the coordinates of the drawing.
• userdraw may be combined; the read_canvas() will contain the drawing.
• draggable or onclick 'external images' from command copy or copyresized and all objects from commands html or obabel can be combined with drag and/or onclick mathml
• other drag objects (circles/rects etc) are supported, but read_dragdrop() will probably be difficult to interpret...
• if inputfields are incorporated in mathml (with id's: id='mathml0',id='mathml1',...id='mathml_n')
  the user_input values will be read by javascript:read_mathml();. attention: if after this mathml-input object other user-interactions are included, these will read mathml too using "read_canvas();"
• If other inputfields (command input / command textarea) or userdraw are performed, the function read_canvas() will not read mathml. Use some generic function to read it....
• use keyword centered to center the katex div object on (x1:y1)
  this may not work as expected for MathJaX [TO BE TESTED]
• note: if you want to include external TeX via drag&drop onto a canvasdraw element, use \mmlid{integer} in the tex-command:!insmath \mmlid{1}rac{1}{pi}
  (if your wims_mathml does not support it...use this version...)
• note: the same is true for all external P,SPAN,DIV,IMG,SVG-images via drag&drop onto a canvasdraw element, use onclick=javascript:place_image_on_canvas(this.id)
• : latex_drag : latex

lattice ↑

lattice x0,y0,xv1,yv1,xv2,yv2,n1,n2,color

• can not be set onclick or drag xy
• : lattice

linear ↑

linear a,b,c,d

• defines a transformation matrix for subsequent objects
• use keyword killlinear to end the transformation...the next objects will be drawn in the original x/y-range
• a: Scales the drawings horizontally
• b: Skews the drawings horizontally
• c: Skews the drawings vertically
• d: Scales the drawings vertically
• the data precision may be set by preceding command precision int
• note: any active translation (tx,ty) is not changed
• : linear

line ↑

line x1,y1,x2,y2,color

• draw a line through points (x1:y1)--(x2:y2) in color color
• or use command curve color,formula to draw the line (uses more points to draw the line; is however better draggable)
• may be set draggable / onclick
• : line

lines ↑

lines color,x1,y1,x2,y2...x_n-1,y_n-1,x_n,y_n

• draw multiple lines through points (x1:y1)--(x2:y2) ...(x_n-1:y_n-1)--(x_n:y_n) in color 'color'
• or use multiple commands curve color,formula or jscurve color,formule to draw the line
  (uses more points to draw the line; is however better draggable)
• may be set draggable / onclick
• attention: the flydraw command lines is equivalent to canvasdraw command polyline
• : lines

linewidth ↑

linewidth int

• default 1
• : linewidth

levelcurve ↑

levelcurve color,expression in x/y,l1,l2,...

• draws very primitive level curves for expression, with levels l1,l2,l3,...,l_n
• the quality is not to be compared with the Flydraw levelcurve.
  (choose flydraw if you want quality...)
• every individual level curve may be set 'onclick / drag xy'
  e.g. every single level curve (l1,l2,l3...l_n) has a unique identifier
• note: the arrays for holding the javascript data are limited in size
• note: reduce image size if javascript data arrays get overloaded
  (command 'plotsteps int' will not control the data size of the plot...)
• : levelcurve

legend ↑

legend string1:string2:string3....string_n

• will be used to create a legend for a graph
• also see command piechart
• will use the same colors per default as used in the graphs; use command legendcolors to override the default
• use command fontsize to adjust. (command fontfamily is not active for command legend)
• : legend

legendcolors ↑

legendcolors color1:color2:color3:...:color_n

• will be used to color a legend: use this command after the legend command ! e.g. legend test1:test2:test3
legendcolors blue:red:orange.
• make sure the number of colors match the number of legend items
• command legend in case of piechart and barchart will use these colours per default (no need to specify legendcolors)
• : legendcolors

linegraph ↑

linegraph x1:y1:x2:y2...x_n:y_n

• will plot your data in a graph
• may only to be used together with command grid
• can be used together with freestyle x-axis/y-axis texts: see commands xaxis,xaxisup and yaxis
• use command legend to provide an optional legend in right-top-corner
• also see command piechart
• multiple linegraphs may be used in a single plot
• note: your arguments are not checked by canvasdraw: use your javascript console in case of trouble...
• • use command strokecolor before a command linegraph to set the color of this graph
  • use command linewidth before command linegraph to set linewidth of this graph
  • use keyword dashed before command linegraph to set dashing of the graph
  • if dashing is set, use command dashtype before command linegraph to set the type of dashing of the (individual) graph
• : linegraph

mathml ↑

mathml x1,y1,mathml_string

• this command is special for GECKO browsers, and it makes use of Native Mathml
• For general use with all browsers, use command latex
• can be set onclick and drag&drop
  Note: dragging is fairly primitive dragging of the div-element, and is not done using the dragstuff library
• command affine will produce CSS3 matrix transformations
• command rotate will rotate the object
• the mathml object is centered at (x1:y1)
• the mathml_string can be produced using WIMS commands like texmath followed by mathmlmath... or write correct TeX and use only mathmlmath
• mathml will be displayed in a rectangle left top (x1:y1)
• can be set onclick javascript:read_dragdrop(); will return click numbers of mathml-objects; if 4 clickable object are drawn, the reply could be 1,0,1,0 ... meaning clicked on the first and third object
• can be set draggable: javascript:read_dragdrop() will return all coordinates in same order as the canvas script: unmoved objects will have their original coordinates...
• snaptogrid is supported...snaptopoints will work, but use with care... due to the primitive dragging. Technically: the dragstuff library is not used... the mathml is embedded in a new div element and not in the html5-canvas.
• when clicked, the mathml object will be drawn in red color; the div background color will be determined by the fillcolor and opacity settings.
• userdraw may be combined with 'mathml' ; the read_canvas() will contain the drawing.
• draggable or onclick 'external images' from command copy or copyresized can be combined with drag and/or onclick mathml
• other drag objects (circles/rects etc) are supported, but read_dragdrop() will probably be difficult to interpret...
• if inputfields are incorporated in mathml (with id's: id='mathml0',id='mathml1',...id='mathml_n')
  the user_input values will be read by javascript:read_mathml();
  attention: if after this mathml-input object other user-interactions are included, these will read mathml too using "read_canvas();"
• If other inputfields (command input / command textarea) or userdraw is performed, the function read_canvas() will not read mathml. Use some generic function to read it....
• use keyword centered to center the mathml/xml object on (x1:y1)
• : mathml_onclick : mathml_drag

mouse ↑

mouse color,fontsize

• will display the cursor (x:y) coordinates in color and fontsize using default fontfamily Arial
• note: use command mouse at the end of your script code (the same is true for command zoom)
• : mouse

mouse_degree ↑

mouse_degree color,fontsize

• will display the angle in degrees between x-axis, (0:0) and the cursor (x:y) in 'color' and 'font size'
  using a fontfamily Arial
• The angle is positive in QI and QIII and the angle value is negative in QII and QIV
• note: use command 'mouse' at the end of your script code (the same is true for command 'zoom')
• : mouse_degree

display ↑

display TYPE,color,fontsize

• TYPE may be x | y | xy | degree | radian | radius
• will display the mouse cursor coordinates as x-only,y-only,(x:y), the radius of a circle (this only in case 'userdraw circle(s),color') or the angle in degrees or radians for commands userdraw arc,color or protractor, ruler (if set dynamic).
• use commands xunit and / or yunit to add the units to the mouse values. The degree | radian will always have the appropriate symbol).
• just like commands mouse, mousex, mousey, mouse_degree... only other name
• : display_x : display_y : display_xy : display_deg : display_rad : display_radius

precision ↑

precision int

• 1 = no decimals ; 10 = 1 decimal ; 100 = 2 decimals etc
• may be used / changed before every object
• In case of user interaction (like userdraw or multidraw), this value will be used to determine the amount of decimals in the reply / answer
• : precision

mousex ↑

mousex color,fontsize

• will display the cursor x-coordinate in color and font size using the fontfamily Arial.
• note: use command mouse at the end of your script code (the same is true for command zoom).

mousey ↑

mousey color,fontsize

• will display the cursor y-coordinate in color and font size using default fontfamily Arial.
• note: use command mouse at the end of your script code (the same is true for command zoom).

multidash ↑

multidash 0,1,1

• meaning draw objects no. 2 (circle) and 3 (segments), in the list of command like multifill points,circle,segments, are dashed
• use before command multidraw
• if not set all objects will be set not dashed... unless a generic keyword dashed was given before command multidraw
• the dash-type is not -yet- adjustable
  (e.g. command dashtype line_px,space_px will give no control over multidraw objects)
• wims will not check if the number of 0 or 1's matches the amount of draw primitives...
• always use the same sequence as is used for multidraw

multidraw ↑

multidraw obj_type_1,obj_type_2...obj_type_11

• for simple single object user drawings you could also use command userdraw
• implemented obj_types:
  • point | points
  • circle | circles
  • line | lines
  • segment | segments
  • arrow | arrows (use command 'arrowhead int' for size (default value 8 pixels))
  • curvedarrow | curvedarrows
  • rect | rects
  • closedpoly
    only one closedpolygon may be drawn.The number of corner points is not preset (e.g. not limited, freestyle), the polygon is closed when clicking on the first point again..(+/- 10px)
  • triangle | triangles
  • parallelogram | parallelograms
  • poly[3-9] | polys[3-9] draw 3...9 point polygone(s): polys3 is of course triangles
  • images
  • crosshair | crosshairs
  • function
    for more function user input fields, use it multiple times
    for 4 inputfields use : multidraw function,function,function,function
• additionally objects may be user labelled, using obj_type text...
  in this case allways a text input field and if multiuserinput=1 also (x:y) inputfields will be added to the page.
  use commands fontfamily and fontcolor to adjust (command multistrokeopacity may be set to adjust text opacity)
  note: text is always centered on the mouse-click or user-input coordinates !
  note: no keyboard listeners are used
• it makes no sense using something like multidraw point,points ...
  something like "multidraw polys4,polys7" will only result in drawing a 4 point polygone and not a 7 point polygone: this is a design flaw and not a feature...
• note: mouselisteners are only active if "$status != done " (eg only drawing in an active/non-finished exercise)
  to overrule use command/keyword "status" (no arguments required)
• buttons for changing the obj_type (and in case of multiuserinput, some inputfields and buttons)
  will be present in the reserved div tooltip_div and can be styled using command 'css some_css'
• the button label will be default the object primitive name (like point, circles).
  If you want a different label (e.g. an other language), use command multilabel
  for example in dutch:
  multilabel cirkel,lijnstuk,punten,STOP
multidraw circle,segment,points
  (see command multilabel for more details)
• a right mouse button click will remove the last drawn object of the selected drawing type. All other type of objects are not removed
• multidraw is incompatible with command tooltip (the reserved div_area is used for the multidraw control buttons)
• all multidraw drawings will scale on zooming.
  this in contrast to the command userdraw.
• wims will not check the amount or validity of your command arguments !
  ( use javascript console to debug any typo's )
• a local function read_canvas%d will read all userbased drawings.
  The output is always a 16 lines string with fixed sequence.
  line 1 = points_x+";"+points_y+" "
  line 2 = circles_x+";"+circles_y+";"+multi_radius+" "
  line 3 = segments_x+";"+segments_y+" "
  line 4 = arrows_x+";"+arrows_y+" "
  line 5 = lines_x+";"+lines_y+" "
  line 6 = triangles_x+";"+triangles_y+" "
  line 7 = polys[3-9]_x+";"+polys[3-9]_y+" "
  line 8 = rects_x +";"+rects_y+" "
  line 9 = closedpoly_x+";"+closedpoly_y+" "
  line 10 = parallelogram_x+";"+parallelogram_y" "
  line 11 = text_x+";"+text_y+";"+text" "
  line 12 = image_x+";"+image_y+";"+image_id
  line 13 = curvedarrows_x +";"+ curvedarrows_y +" "
  line 14 = curvedarrows2_x +";"+ curvedarrows2_y +" "
  line 15 = crosshairs_x +";"+ crosshairs_y +" "
  line 16 = userdraw_x +";"+userdraw_y + " " note: this is for single userdraw object,color and replyformat 29
  line 17 = userdraw_x +";"+userdraw_y +";"+userdraw_radius + " " note: this is for single userdraw object,color and replyformat 29
  The x/y-data are in x/y-coordinate system and display precision may be set by a previous command precision 0 | 10 | 100 | 1000...
  In case of circles the radius is -for the time being- rounded to pixels
  use the wims "direct exec" tool to see the format of the reply
• It is best to prepare / format the student reply in clientside javascript.
  However in wims language you could use something like this
  for example you are interested in the polys5 drawings of a pupil (the pupil may draw multiple poly5 objects...)
  note: the reply for 2 poly5's is: x11,x12,x13,x14,x15,x21,x22,x23,x24,x25 ; y11,y12,y13,y14,y15,y21,y22,y23,y24,y25
  rep = !line 7 of reply
  rep = !translate ';' to ' ' in $rep
  pts = 5 # 5 points for polygon
  x_rep = !line 1 of $rep
  y_rep = !line 2 of $rep
  tot = !itemcnt $x_rep
  num_poly = $[$tot/$pts]
  idx = 0
  !for p=1 to $num_poly
   !for s=1 to $pts
    !increase idx
    X = !item $idx of $x_rep
    Y = !item $idx of $y_rep
    # do some checking
   !next s
  !next p
  
• attention: for command argument closedpoly, only one polygone can be drawn. The last point (e.g. the point clicked near the first point) of the array is removed.
• technical: all 10 draw primitives + text will have their own -transparent- PNG bitmap canvas.
  So for example there can be a points_canvas entirely separated from a line_canvas.
  This to avoid the need for a complete redraw when something is drawn to the canvas...(eg only the object_type_canvas is redrawn), this in contrast too many very slow do-it-all HTML5 canvas javascript libraries.
  The mouselisteners are attached to the canvas-div element.
• a special object type is images.
  if used together with imagepalette a image table will be integrated in the 'control section' of multidraw (set multiuserinput 1 for images) if not used with imagepalette, provide the images or div's (<img> tag with bitmap or SVG or anything in a div element) somewhere on the html exercise page, with an onclick handler like:
  <img src='gifs/images/dog.svg' onclick='javascript:place_image_on_canvas(this.id);' id="ext_image_1" />
<img src='gifs/fish.png' onclick='javascript:place_image_on_canvas(this.id);' id="another" />
  etc ... when activating the multidraw image button, the images can be selected
  (left mouse button/onclick) and placed on the canvas...left mouse click.
  using div's will enable you -amongst other content- to add math typesetting from the exercise page onto the canvas.
• When you are not content with the default multidraw control panel, you can create your own interface, using a few javascript functions to call the drawprimitives, delete things and stop drawing in case you also want to drag&drop stuff...
  To activate this feature, use multilabel NOCONTROLS
  The object types are internally represented by the following numbers (making typos will render your exercise null and void)
  point = 0
  points =1
  circle = 2
  circles = 3
  line = 4
  lines = 5
  segment = 6
  segments = 7
  arrow = 8
  arrows = 9
  triangle = 10
  triangles = 11
  closedspoly = 12
  text = 13
  rect = 14
  rects = 15
  poly[3-9] = 16
  polys[3-9] = 17
  parallelogram = 18
  parallelograms = 19
  images = 20
  curvedarrow = 21
  curvedarrows = 22
  curvedarrow2 = 23
  curvedarrows2 = 24
  crosshair = 25
  crosshairs = 26
  controls for example:
  <input type='button' onclick='javascript:userdraw_primitive=null' value='STOP DRAWING' />
<input type='button' onclick='javascript:userdraw_primitive=24;multidraw_object_cnt = 0;' value='start drawing curvedarrows2' />
<input type='button' onclick='javascript:var fun=eval("clear_draw_area"+canvas_scripts[0]);fun(24,0);' value='REMOVE LAST CURVEDARROW ' />
  If using multiple canvas scripts in a single page, loop through the canvas_scripts[n]
  note: if using NOCONTROLS and just a single draw primitive (for example, just: 'multidraw circles'), the object may be drawn directly. (analogue to 'userdraw circles,color')
  And since a right mouse button click will always remove the last drawn object of the current object type, there is no need for a special "remove button"
• : multidraw_function : multidraw : multidraw_images : multidraw_demo : multidraw_NOCONTROLS

multilabel ↑

multilabel button_label_1,button_label_2,...,button_label_8,'stop drawing text'

• use before command multidraw
• if not set all labels (e.g. the value of input type 'button') will be set by the english names for the draw_primitives (like 'point','circle'...)
• the stop drawing button text must be the last item on the multilabel -list
  for example:
  multilabel punten,lijnen,Stop met Tekenen
multidraw points,lines
• all buttons can be styled by using command css
  note:If you want to add some CSS style to the buttons...
  the id's of the draw buttons are their english command argument
  (e.g. id="canvasdraw_points" for the draw points button).
  the id of the stop drawing button is "canvasdraw_stop_drawing".
  the id of the "OK" button is canvasdraw_ok_button
• wims will not check the amount or validity of your input
• always use the same sequence as is used for multidraw
• if you don't want the controls, and want to write your own interface, set multilabel NOCONTROLS

multilinewidth ↑

multilinewidth linewidth_1,linewidth_2,...,linewidth_8

• use before command multidraw
• if not set all line widths will be set by a previous command linewidth int
• use these up to 7 different line widths for the draw primitives used by command multidraw obj_type_1,obj_type_2...obj_type_7
• wims will not check if the number of 0 or 1's matches the amount of draw primitives...
• always use the same sequence as is used for multidraw

multifill ↑

multifill 0,0,1,0,1,0,0

• meaning draw objects no. 3 and 5, in the list of command multifill, are filled (if the object is fillable...and not a line,segment,arrow or point...)
• using a fillpattern: multifill 0,1,2,5,3,4
  meaning: first object is not filled...second object is solid color filled...2=grid | 3=hatch | 4=diamond | 5=dot
• use before command multidraw
• if not set all objects -except point|points- will be set not filled... unless a command filled was given before command multifill
• only suitable for draw_primitives like circle | circles, triangle | triangles, rect | rects, poly[3-9] | polys[3-9] and polygon
• wims will not check if the number of 0 or 1's matches the amount of draw primitives...
• always use the same sequence as is used for multidraw

multifillcolors ↑

multifillcolors color_name_1,color_name_2,...,color_name_8

• use before command multidraw
• if not set all fillcolors (for circle | triangle | poly[3-9] | closedpoly ) will be stroke_color, fill_opacity
• use these up to 6 colors for the draw primitives used by command multidraw obj_type_1,obj_type_2...obj_type_n
• wims will not check if the number of colours matches the amount of draw primitives...
• always use the same sequence as is used for multidraw
• can also be used with command userdraw clickfill,color when more than one fillcolor is wanted.
  in that case use for example replyformat 10 ... reply=x1:y1:color1,x2:y2:color2...
  the colors will restart at the first color, when there are more fill-clicks than multi-fill-colors
  if more control over the used colours is wanted, see command colorpalette color1,color2...

multifillopacity ↑

multifillopacity fill_opacity_1,fill_opacity_2,...,fill_opacity_8

• float values 0 - 1 or integer values 0 - 255
• use before command multidraw
• if not set all fill opacity_ will be set by previous command opacity int,int and keyword filled
• use these up to 7 different stroke opacities for the draw primitives used by command multidraw obj_type_1,obj_type_2...obj_type_y
• wims will not check the amount or validity of your input
• always use the same sequence as is used for multidraw

multisnaptogrid ↑

multisnaptogrid 0,1,1

• alternative command: multisnap
• meaning draw objects no. 2 (circle) and 3 (segments), in the list of command like multifill points,circle,segments, will snap to the xy-grid (default 1 in x/y-coordinate system: see command snaptogrid)
• freehand drawing...specify precision for reply: all objects snap to grid multisnaptogrid 1,1,1,...
• only the xy-values snap_to_grid: all objects snap to grid multisnaptogrid 1,1,1,...
• only the x-values snap_to_grid: all objects snap to x-grid multisnaptogrid 2,2,2,...
• only the y-values snap_to_grid: all objects snap to y-grid multisnaptogrid 3,3,3,...
• if snaptopoints is defined: all objects snap to points multisnaptogrid 4,4,4,...
  make sure to define the points to snap on... use command snaptopoints
• multisnaptogrid 0,1,2,3,4
multidraw text,arrow,line,circle,image
  text is free hand, arrow is snap to grid, line is snap to x-grid, circle is snap to y-grid, image is snap to points defined by command snaptopoints
• use before command multidraw
• attention: if not set all objects will be set no snap... unless a generic command snaptogrid was given before command multidraw
• commands xsnaptogrid, ysnaptogrid, snaptofunction are not supported amd only functional for command userdraw
• always use the same sequence as is used for multidraw
• wims will not check if the number of 0 or 1's matches the amount of draw primitives...

multistrokecolors ↑

multistrokecolors color_name_1,color_name_2,...,color_name_8

• use before command multidraw
• if not set all colors will be stroke_color, stroke_opacity
• use these up to 6 colors for the draw primitives used by command multidraw obj_type_1,obj_type_2...obj_type_7
• wims will not check if the number of colours matches the amount of draw primitives...
• always use the same sequence as is used for multidraw

multistrokeopacity ↑

multistrokeopacity stroke_opacity_1,stroke_opacity_2,...,stroke_opacity_7

• float values 0 - 1 or integer values 0 - 255
• use before command multidraw
• if not set all stroke opacity_ will be set by previous command opacity int,int
• use these up to 7 different stroke opacities for the draw primitives used by command multidraw obj_type_1,obj_type_2...obj_type_7
• wims will not check the amount or validity of your input
• always use the same sequence as is used for multidraw

multiuserinput ↑

multiuserinput 0,1,1,0

• alternative command: multiinput
• meaning, when the command multidraw is used multidraw circles,points,lines,triangles
  objects points and lines may additionally be drawn by direct input (inputfields)
  all other objects must be drawn with a mouse
• in case of circle | circles a third inputfield for Radius (R) is added. The radius must be in the x/y coordinate system (x-range) and not in pixels...students don't think in pixels.
  note: R-values will not snap-to-grid
• in case of line(s) | segment(s) | arrow(s) the user should write x1:y1 in the first inputfield and x2:y2 in the second.
  These hints are pre-filled into the input field.
  Other coordinate delimiters are ; and , e.g. x1;y1 or x1,y1.
  An error message (alert box) will popup when things are not correctly...
• in case of a triangle | poly3, three inputfields are provided.
• in case of text and multiuserinput=1, 3 inputfields will be shown: x,y,text
• in case of text and multiuserinput=0, 1 inputfield will be shown: text ... a mouse click will place the text on the canvas.
• may be styled using command css
• an additional button stop drawing may be used to combine userbased drawings with drag∧drop or onclick elements
• when exercise if finished (status=done) the buttons will not be shown.
  To override this default behaviour use command / keyword status
• use before command multidraw
• always use the same sequence as is used for multidraw

noreset ↑

noreset

• alternative command: killreset
• keyword
• may come in handy if canvas script code is generated using loops
• if used the following properties will remain to be valid
  
  • filled
  • dash settings
  • onclick or drag settings
  • centering or offset
• if used again, these properies will be reset to the default values and normal behaviour is continued (e.g. the above properties will be reset after 'use' on a canvas object)
• etc etc
• commands slider, linear, rotate, translate, affine are always active until the 'kill' commands are given:
  killlinear, killrotate, killtranslate and killaffine
• commands like 'opacity', 'linewidth', 'fontsize', 'fontfamily' are only changed when redefined again
• : noreset : noreset_oefgraduation

noxaxis ↑

noxaxis

• keyword
• if set, the automatic x-axis numbering will be ignored
• use command axis to have a visual x/y-axis lines (see command grid)
• to be used before command grid (see command grid)

noyaxis ↑

noyaxis

• keyword
• if set, the automatic y-axis numbering will be ignored
• use command axis to have a visual x/y-axis lines (see command grid)
• to be used before command grid (see command grid)

numberline ↑

numberline x0,x1,xmajor,xminor,y0,y1

• numberline is using xrange/yrange system for all dimensions
• multiple numberlines are allowed ; combinations with command grid is allowed; multiple commands xaxis numbering are allowed
• x0 is start x-value in xrange
• x1 is end x-value in xrange
• xmajor is step for major division
• xminor is divisor of xmajor; using small (30% of major tick) tick marks: this behaviour is hardcoded
• is xminor is an even divisor, an extra tickmark (60% of major tick) is added to the numberline: this behaviour is hardcoded
• y0 is bottom of numberline; y1 endpoint of major tics
• use command linewidth to control appearance
• use strokecolor and opacity to controle measure line
• for all ticks linewidth and color / opacity are identical.
• if command xaxis or xaxisup is not defined, the labeling will be on major ticks: x0...x1
• use fontfamily and fontcolor to control fonts settings
• may be used together with userdraw, multidraw and user drag command family for the extra object drawn onto the numberline
• snaptogrid, snaptopoints etc and zooming and panning is supported
• onclick and dragging of the numberline are not -yet- supported
• note: in case of multiple numberlines, make sure the numberline without special x-axis numbering (e.g. ranging from xmin to xmax) comes first !
• : numberline

obabel ↑

obabel x,y,type input,molecule smiles-code or file location, extra arguments,extra arguments,...

• will call the obabel program, if installed.
• output will be an svg file
• see documentation of obabel for special keys
• command affine will produce CSS3 matrix transformations
• command rotate will rotate the object
• can be set onclick: javascript:read_dragdrop(); will return click numbers of mathml-objects
  if 4 clickable object are drawn, the reply could be 1,0,1,0 ... meaning clicked on the first and third object
• can be set draggable: javascript:read_dragdrop(); will return all coordinates in the same order as the canvas script: unmoved object will have their original coordinates...
• snaptogrid is supported...snaptopoints will work, but use with care...due to the primitive dragging
  technically: the dragstuff library is not used...the mathml is embedded in a new div element and not in the html5-canvas
• external files may be loaded if they are present on the server or in the modules
  for example:
  obabel 0,0,mol,$module_dir/caffeine.mol,-P100,-xb none
• : obabel_smi

opacity ↑

opacity [0-255],[0-255]

• opacity [0.0 - 1.0],[0.0 - 1.0]
• alternative command: transparent
• first item is stroke opacity, second is fill opacity
• : opacity

onclick ↑

onclick

• keyword (no arguments required)
• if the next object is clicked, its object onclick_or_drag sequence number in fly script is returned by javascript:read_canvas();
• onclick seqeuence numbering starts at 0, e.g. if there are 6 objects set onclick, the first onclick object will have id-number 0, the last id-number 5
• line based objects will show an increase in line width
  font based objects will show the text in bold when clicked.
• the click zone (accuracy) is determined by 2× the line width of the object
• onclick and drag x|y|xy may be combined in a single flyscript (although a single object can not be onclick and draggable at the same time...)
• note: not all objects may be set onclick
• : onclick

parallel ↑

parallel x1,y1,x2,y2,dx,dy,n,[colorname or #hexcolor]

• affine transformations should be identical to flydraw
• in case of rotation or affine transformation , command parallel will produce n individual segments, and these may be set onclick or drag xy individually.
• in case of no rotation or transformations the lines can not be set onclick or drag xy.
• note: a large number of parallel lines (large n) may result in a canvasdraw error (...simplify your script...it produces too many lines...)
• : parallel_click : parallel

plotsteps ↑

plotsteps a_number

• default 150
• only used for commands curve / plot and levelcurve
• use with care !

point ↑

point x,y,color

• draw a single point at (x;y) in color 'color'
• use command linewidth int to adjust size
• may be set draggable / onclick
• will not resize on zooming (command circle x,y,r,color will resize on zooming)
• attention: in case of command rotate angle a point has rotation center (0:0) in x/y-range
• : point

points ↑

points color,x1,y1,x2,y2,...,x_n,y_n

• draw multiple points at given coordinates in color 'color'
• use command linewidth int to adjust size
• may be set draggable / onclick individually (!)
• attention: in case of command rotate angle the points have rotation center (0:0) in x/y-range
• : points_1 : points_2

poly ↑

poly color,x1,y1,x2,y2...x_n,y_n

• polygon color,x1,y1,x2,y2...x_n,y_n
• draw closed polygon
• use command fpoly to fill it or use keyword filled
• may be set draggable / onclick
• : polygon_1 : polygon_2

polyline ↑

polyline color,x1,y1,x2,y2...x_n,y_n

• brokenline color,x1,y1,x2,y2...x_n,y_n
• path color,x1,y1,x2,y2...x_n,y_n
• remark: there is no command polylines | brokenlines | paths ... just use multiple commands polyline, x1,y1,x2,y2...x_n,y_n
• remark: there are commands userdraw path(s),color and userdraw polyline,color... these are two entirely different things ! the path(s) userdraw commands may be used for freehand drawing(s)
  the polyline userdraw command is analogue to this polyline|brokenline command
• the command interconnects the points in the given order with a line (canvasdraw will not close the drawing: use command polygon for this)
• use command segments for a series of segments. These may be clicked/dragged individually
• may be set draggable / onclick
• : polyline_1 : polyline_2

popup ↑

popup

• keyword (no arguments)
• if fly-script starts with keyword popup, the canvas image will be exclusively in a popup window (xsize px × ysize px)
• if keyword popup is used after command size xsize,ysize the canvas will also be displayed in a popup window with size xsize × ysize
• the popup window will be embedded into the page as a normal image, when status=done; override with keyword nostatus
• to access the read_canvas and read_dragdrop functions in a popup window, use:
  function read_all(){
if( typeof popup !== 'undefined' ){
var fun1 = popup['read_dragdrop'+canvas_scripts[0]];
var fun2 = popup['read_canvas'+canvas_scripts[0]];
popup.close();
return "dragdrop="+fun1()+" canvas="+fun2();
};
• to set a canvasdraw produced clock or multiple clocks...use something like: popup.set_clock(clock_id,type,diff); as js-function for a button (or something else) in your document page.
  where in clock_id starts with 0 for the first clock
  type is 1 for Hours,2 for Minutes and 3 for Seconds
  diff is the increment (positive or negative) per click
• : popup

protractor ↑

protractor x,y,x_width,type,mode,use_a_scale

• x,y are the initial location
• x_width: give the width in x-coordinate system (e.g. not in pixels !)
• type = 1: a triangle range 0 - 180
  type = 2: a circle shape 0 - 360
• mode: use -1 to set the protractor interactive (mouse movement of protractor)
  use mode = '0° - 360°' to set the protractor with a static angle of some value
• if the value of the user_rotation angle is to be shown...use command display degree,color,fontsizedisplay radian,color,fontsize
• use_scale = 1: the protractor will have some scale values printed; use_scale=0 to disable
• the rotating direction of the mouse around the protractor determines the clockwise/ counter clockwise rotation of the protractor...
• commands stroke_color | fill_color | linewidth | opacity | font_family will determine the looks of the protractor.
• default replyformat: reply[0] = x;reply[1] = y;reply[2] = angle_in_radians
  use command precision to set the reply precision.
• if combined with a ruler, use replyformat = 32
• command snap_to_grid may be used to assist the pupil at placing the protractor
• when using command zoom, pay attention to the size and symmetry of your canvas
  ...to avoid a partial image, locate the start position near the center of the visual canvas
  technical: the actual protractor is just a static generated image in a new canvas-memory
  This image is only generated once, and a copy of its bitmap is translated & rotated onto the visible canvas.
  That is the reason for the high-speed dragging and rotating.
  I've limited its size to xsize × ysize e.g. the same size as the visual canvas...
• only one protractor allowed (for the time being)
• usage: first left click on the protractor will activate dragging;
  a second left click will activate rotating (just move mouse around)
  a third click will freeze this position and the x/y-coordinate and angle in radians will be stored in reply(3)
  a next click will restart this sequence...
• : protractor

pixels ↑

pixels color,x1,y1,x2,y2,x3,y3...

• draw rectangular "points" with diameter 1 pixel
• pixels can not be dragged or clicked
• "pixelsize = 1" may be changed by command pixelsize int
• : pixels

pixelsize ↑

pixelsize int

• in case you want to deviate from default pixelsize = 1(...)
• pixelsize 100 is of course a filled rectangle 100px × 100px

piechart ↑

piechart xc,yc,radius,'data+colorlist'

• (xc: yc) center of circle diagram in xrange/yrange
• radius in pixels
• data+color list: a colon separated list of raw data and corresponding colours
  canvasdraw will not check validity of colornames...
  in case of trouble look into javascript debugging of your browser
• example data+colorlist: 32:red:65:green:23:black:43:orange:43:yellow:14:white
• the number of colors must match the number of data.
• if defined fillpattern some_pattern then the pie pieces will be filled with the respective color and a fill pattern...
  the pattern is cycled from the 4 pattern primitives: grid,hatch,diamond,dot,grid,hatch,diamond,dot,...
• use command opacity to adjust fill_opacity of colours
• use command legend to automatically create a legend using the same colours as pie segments; unicode allowed in legend; expect javascript trouble if the amount of pie-slices, pie-colors, pie-legend-titles do not match, a javascript console is your best friend...
  use command fontfamily to set the font of the legend.
• use command centered to place legend text inside the piechart. The text is using the same color as the pie segment: use (fill) opacity to enhance visibility.
• : piechart_1 : piechart_2

range ↑

range xmin,xmax,ymin,ymax

• if not given: 0,xsize,0,ysize (eg in pixels)

rays ↑

rays color,xc,yc,x1,y1,x2,y2,x3,y3...x_n,y_n

• draw rays in color 'color' and center (xc:yc)
• may be set draggable or onclick (every individual ray)
• : rays_onclick : rays_drag_xy

rect ↑

rect x1,y1,x2,y2,color

• use command frect x1,y1,x2,y2,color for a filled rectangle
• use command/keyword filled before command rect x1,y1,x2,y2,color
• may be set draggable / onclick
• note: internally a rect is defined with 4 points. So when performing some affine transformation, other than translation, it will result in some morphing of the rectangle !
  this is a deviation of flydraw's rect&affine
• : rect

rects ↑

rects color,x1,y1,x2,y2,.....

• use command frect color,x1,y1,x2,y2,..... for a filled rectangle
• use command/keyword filled before command rects color,x1,y1,x2,y2,....
• use command fillcolor color before frects to set the fill colour.
• may be set draggable / onclick individually
• : rects

replyformat ↑

replyformat number

• use number=-1 to deactivate the js-functions read_canvas() and read_dragdrop()
• default values should be fine !
• use command precision [0,1,10,100,1000,10000...] before command replyformat to set the desired number of decimals in the student reply / drawing
• the last value for precision int will be used to calculate the reply coordinates, if needed (read_canvas();)
• choose
  • replyformat 1: x1,x2,x3,x4....x_n
y1,y2,y3,y4....y_n x/y in pixels
  • replyformat 2: x1,x2,x3,x4....x_n
y1,y2,y3,y4....y_n x/y in xrange / yrange coordinate system
  • replyformat 3: x1,x2,x3,x4....x_n
y1,y2,y3,y4....y_n
r1,r2,r3,r4....r_n x/y in pixels, r in pixels
  • replyformat 4: x1,x2,x3,x4....x_n
y1,y2,y3,y4....y_n
r1,r2,r3,r4....r_n x/y in xrange / yrange coordinate system, r in pixels
  • replyformat 5: Ax1,Ax2,Ax3,Ax4....Ax_n
Ay1,Ay2,Ay3,Ay4....Ay_n
Bx1,Bx2,Bx3,Bx4....Bx_n
By1,By2,By3,By4....By_n
Cx1,Cx2,Cx3,Cx4....Cx_n
Cy1,Cy2,Cy3,Cy4....Cy_n
....
Zx1,Zx2,Zx3,Zx4....Zx_n
Zy1,Zy2,Zy3,Zy4....Zy_n x/y in pixels
  • replyformat 6: Ax1,Ax2,Ax3,Ax4....Ax_n
Ay1,Ay2,Ay3,Ay4....Ay_n
Bx1,Bx2,Bx3,Bx4....Bx_n
By1,By2,By3,By4....By_n
Cx1,Cx2,Cx3,Cx4....Cx_n
Cy1,Cy2,Cy3,Cy4....Cy_n
....
Zx1,Zx2,Zx3,Zx4....Zx_n
Zy1,Zy2,Zy3,Zy4....Zy_n x/y in xrange / yrange coordinate system
  • replyformat 7: x1:y1,x2:y2,x3:y3,x4:y4...x_n:y_n x/y in pixels
  • replyformat 8: x1:y1,x2:y2,x3:y3,x4:y4...x_n:y_n x/y in xrange / yrange coordinate system
  • replyformat 9: x1:y1:r1,x2:y2:r2,x3:y3:r3,x4:y4:r3...x_n:y_n:r_n x/y in pixels
  • replyformat 10: x1:y1:r1,x2:y2:r2,x3:y3:r3,x4:y4:r3...x_n:y_n:r_n x/y in xrange / yrange coordinate system
  • replyformat 11: Ax1,Ay1,Ax2,Ay2
Bx1,By1,Bx2,By2
Cx1,Cy1,Cx2,Cy2
Dx1,Dy1,Dx2,Dy2
......
Zx1,Zy1,Zx2,Zy2 x/y in xrange / yrange coordinate system
  • replyformat 12: Ax1,Ay1,Ax2,Ay2
Bx1,By1,Bx2,By2
Cx1,Cy1,Cx2,Cy2
Dx1,Dy1,Dx2,Dy2
......
Zx1,Zy1,Zx2,Zy2 x/y in pixels
  • replyformat 13: Ax1:Ay1:Ax2:Ay2,Bx1:By1:Bx2:By2,Cx1:Cy1:Cx2:Cy2,Dx1:Dy1:Dx2:Dy2, ... ,Zx1:Zy1:Zx2:Zy2 x/y in xrange / yrange coordinate system
  • replyformat 14: Ax1:Ay1:Ax2:Ay2,Bx1:By1:Bx2:By2....Zx1:Zy1:Zx2:Zy2 x/y in pixels
  • replyformat 15: reply from inputfields,textareas reply1,reply2,reply3,...,reply_n
  • replyformat 16: mathml input fields
  • replyformat 17: read userdraw text,color only x1,y1,text1 x2,y2,text2... ...x_n,y_n,text_n x/y-values are in xrange/yrange
  • replyformat 18: read_canvas() will read all interactive clocks in H1:M1:S1,H2:M2:S2...Hn:Mn:Sn
  • replyformat 19: read_canvas() will return the object number of marked / clicked object (clock), analogue to (shape library) onclick command
  • replyformat 20: read_canvas() will reply "object_number:x:y" of external images: object_number of the first draggable external image in the fly-script starts with 0, e.g. expect something like 0:-5:4,1:6:2,2:-2:-5, the first image position is (-5:4), the second image position is (6:2) and the third image position is (-2:-5)
  • replyformat 21: (x1:y1) (x2:y2) ... (x_n:y_n) verbatim coordinate return
  • replyformat 22: returns an array .... reply[0]=x1 reply[1]=y1 reply[2]=x2 reply[3]=y2 ... reply[n-1]=x_n reply[n]=y_n x/y in xrange / yrange coordinate system
  • replyformat 23: can only be used for drawtype polyline. A typical click sequence in drawtype polyline is x1,y1,x2,y2,x2,y2,x3,y3,x3,y3.....,x(n-1),y(n-1),x(n-1),y(n-1),xn,yn --replyformat 23 gives x1,y1,x2,y2,x3,y3,.....x(n-1),y(n-1),xn,yn; multiple occurences will be filtered out. The reply will be in x-y-range (xreply yreply)
  • replyformat 24: read all inputfield values: even those set readonly
  • replyformat 25: angle1,angle2;...;angle_n will return the radius (one or many) of the user drawn circle segment in degrees
  • replyformat 26: rad1,rad2,...rad_n will return the radius (one or many) of the user drawn circle segment in radians
  • replyformat 27: return (only) userdraw inputfields x1,y1,text1
x2,y2,text2...
...x_n,y_n,textn
  • replyformat 28: x1,y1,r1,x2,y2,r2...x_n,y_n,r_n x / y / r in xrange / yrange coordinate system: may be used to reinput into command circles color,x1,y1,r1,x2,y2,r2...x_n,y_n,r_n will not return anything else (e.g. no inputfields, text etc)
  • replyformat 34: a special for OEF and dragging external images -included via commands copy or copyresized there will be an extra function read_canvas_images() for reading the coordinates of the images.
    for now this is a unique function, e.g. there is no canvas id linked to it. (TO DO !!! 18/5/2019)
• special replyformat = 100 ; will access to the raw javascript object data...use: read_dragdrop([property,property,...])
  for example properies like 'clicked','text', 'angle' , 'x'

roundrect ↑

roundrect x1,y1,x2,y2,radius in px,color

• use command froundrect x1,y1,x2,y2,radius,color for a filled rectangle
• use command/keyword filled before command roundrect x1,y1,x2,y2,radius,color
• fillcolor will be identical to color
• may be set draggable / onclick
• : roundrect

roundrects ↑

roundrects color,radius in px,x1,y1,x2,y2,x3,y3,x4,y4,....

• for filled roundrects use command/keyword filled before command
• may be set draggable / onclick individually
• : roundrects

ruler ↑

ruler x,y,x-width,y-height,mode

• x,y are the initial location
• x-width, y-height are the ruler dimensions width & height in xy-coordinate system
• the ruler scale is by definition the x-scale, set by command xrange. For example: a ruler x-width of 6 will have a scale ranging from 0 to 6
• mode: use -1 to set the ruler interactive (eg mouse movement of ruler; drag & rotate)
  use mode = '0° - 360°' to set the ruler with a static angle of some value
• if combined with a protractor, use replyformat = 32
• only one ruler allowed (for the time being)
• when using command zoom, pay attention to the size and symmetry of your canvas to avoid a partial image, locate the start position near the center of the visual canvas; technical: the actual ruler is just a static generated image in a new canvas-memory. This image is only generated once, and a copy of its bitmap is translated & rotated onto the visible canvas. That is the reason for the high-speed dragging and rotating. I have limited its size to xsize × ysize e.g. the same size as the visual canvas...
• usage: first left click on the ruler will activate dragging; a second left click will activate rotating (just move mouse around), a third click will freeze this position and the x/y-coordinate and angle in radians will be stored in reply(3), a next click will restart this sequence...
• : ruler_interactive : ruler_set_degree_45 : ruler_set_degree_125

resetoffset ↑

resetoffset

• keyword ; use to restore text placement on the canvas to the real (x;y) coordinates of the left bottom corner of the text
• may be active for commands text and string (e.g. objects in the drag/drop/onclick-librariy

rotate ↑

rotate rotation_angle

• angle in degrees
• (only) the next object will be rotated is given angle
• positive values rotate counter clockwise
• attention: all objects will be rotated around their first point...
  rotate 45
triangle 1,1,5,1,3,4,red
  will rotate 45 degrees around point (1:1)
• if another rotation center is needed, use command rotationcenter xc,yc.
  to reset this rotationcenter, use keyword killrotate
• attention: rotate will mess up the interactivity of the rotated object
  e.g. if combined with command drag xy or keyword onclick: the mouse recognises the original -unrotated- coordinates of the object
• : rotate_1

rotationcenter ↑

rotationcenter x_center,y_center

• define an rotation center in your x/y-coordinate system
• wims will not check the validity of your input; use javascript console to debug any erors
• if not defined a rotation will be around the first point of an object
• to be used before command rotate
• use killrotate to reset to 'null'
  (eg. the rotationcenter of the next object(s) will be the first (x;y) coordinate of the object(s))
• all other commands will use this rotation center, unless a killrotation is given
• : rotationcenter : rotationcenter_slider

size ↑

size width,height

• set canvas size in pixels
• mandatory first command (can only be preceded by keyword popup)
• if xrange and/or yrange is not given the range will be set to pixels:
  xrange 0,xsize yrange 0,ysize
  note: lower left corner is origin (0:0) !!! this in contrast to flydraw

segment ↑

segment x1,y1,x2,y2,color

• alternative command: seg
• draw a line segment between points (x1:y1)--(x2:y2) in color color
• may be set draggable / onclick
• : segment_onclick : segment_drag_y

segments ↑

segments color,x1,y1,x2,y2,...,x_n,y_n

• alternative command: segs
• draw multiple segments between points (x1:y1)--(x2:y2).....and... (x_n-1:y_n-1)--(x_n:y_n) in color color
• use command linewidth int to adjust size
• may be set draggable / onclick individually (!)
• : segments_onclick : segments_drag_y

setlimits ↑

setlimits

• keyword: if set, it will produce 4 inputfields for xmin,xmax,ymin,ymax and an ok button
• may be used for inputfield based zooming / panning
• may be styled using command css
• use commands xlabel / ylabel to change text from xmin to xlabel etc
• note: the input value will not be checked on validity
• : setlimits

setpixel ↑

setpixel x,y,color

• A rectangular "point" with diameter 1 pixel centered at (x:y) in xrange / yrange
• pixels can not be dragged or clicked
• "pixelsize = 1" may be changed by command pixelsize int
• : setpixel

slider ↑

slider start_value,end_value,width px,height px,type,label

• type may be: x,y,angle
• if a slider value display is desired, use for argument type: x display, y display, angle radian, angle degree
• is the slider is used for animation, add keyword anim or animate to type; for now only one animated slider may be used...
• default behaviour is: click on an object to use its slider(s)
  to use sliders without clicking on an object, use for type keyword active
  eg: slider -2*pi,2*pi,300,30,angle degree active,Rotate
• if a unit (or something like that...) for x/y-value display is needed, use commands xunit and / or yunit
• if the translation should be performed using a function, use for type: x function, y function
  use commands sliderfunction_x and/or sliderfunction_y before the slider command to define the functions. Example:sliderfunction_x x^2
sliderfunction_y y^2
slider -5,5,100,100,xy function,Some_Text
...some stuff to slide
killslider
sliderfunction_x x^2-2
slider -15,15,100,10,x function,Some_Other_Text
...more stuff to slide
killslider... etc
• use command slider before draggable/clickable objects.
• drag and drop may be combined with rotation slider
  for example an arrow rotated by a slider may be placed anywhere (drag&drop)
  size 300,300
xrange -5,5
yrange -5,5
grid 1,1,grey
linewidth 3
drag xy
fillcolor orange
strokecolor blue
slider 0,2*pi,250,30,angle degrees,Rotate arrow
arrow 2,2,5,5,8,red
  note: except a combination 'drag' and 'slider' for command 'latex, katex, mathml, html, obabel'
• no slider for a math function, these can be traced using command trace_jscurve some_function_in_x
• a slider will affect all draggable objects after the slider command...
  and can be used to group translate / rotate several objects...
  until a next slider or keyword killslider
• amount of sliders is not limited.
• a slider can not be set snaptogrid or other snapto* : you may always use 'drag xy' in combination with the slider objects
• javascript:read_dragdrop(); will return an array with object_number:slider_value
• every draggable object may have its own slider (no limit in amount of sliders)
• label: some slider text.
  Note: on KaTeX enabled wims, TeX produced by wims command mathmlmath, is allowed.
• use fillcolor for slider controlkey
• use strokecolor for slider bar
• use fontfamily / fontcolor to set used fonts
• use opacity (only fill opacity will be used) to set transparency
• the slider canvas will be added to the tooltip div: so incompatible with command tooltip ; setlimits etc
• : slider_x_y_angle : slider_click : slider_active : slider_animate : slider_html_image

sgraph ↑

sgraph xstart,ystart,xmajor,ymajor,xminor,yminor,majorgrid_color,minorgrid_color

• primitive implementation of a broken scale graph...
• not very versatile: only usable in combination with userdraw
  eg no other objects will obey this "coordinate system"
  if you want to place an object into this coordinate system, be aware that 10% or 20% of xsize and/or ysize is lost.
  Use these "formulas" to recalculate the virtual coordinates:
  factor=0.8 in case xstart != xmin (or ystart != ymin)
  factor=0.9 in case xstart = xmin (or ystart = ymin)
  px_x_point = ((factor*xsize)/(xmax - xstart))*(x_point - xmax)+xsize
  x_recalculated = px*(xmax - xmin)/xsize +
  px_y_point = -1*factor*y_point*ysize/(ymax - ystart) + ymax*factor*ysize/(ymax - ystart)
  y_recalculated = ymax - py*(ymax - ymin)/ysize
  
• : sgraph

snaptofunction ↑

snaptofunction some_function_in_x,some_funtion_in_y

• alternative command: snaptofun
• the next object will snap to the calculated values
• note: snaptofun is probably not really useful feature...
• if you want only modification of y-values,just use: snaptofunction x,5*sin(1/y)
• if you want only modification of x-values,just use: snaptofunction 5*sin(1/x),y
• for now only one instance of snaptofunction is allowed
• use rawmath on your functions: no validity checking is done by wims !
• note: switching x and y coordinates? snaptofunction y,x
• : snaptofunction_1 : snaptofunction_2

snaptopoints ↑

snaptopoints x1,y1,x2,y2,x3,y3....

• a userdraw object will snap to these points.
• the array size (e.g. the number of points) of command snaptopoints is limited by constant MAX_INT (canvasdraw.h)
  this command may be repeated multiple times (no limit) to add points
• a draggable object (use command drag x|y|xy) will snap to the closed of these points when dragged (mouseup)
• other options: use keyword snaptogrid, xsnaptogrid or ysnaptogrid
• : snaptopoints : snaptopoints

snaptogrid ↑

snaptogrid

• keyword (no arguments required)
• a draggable object (use command drag x|y|xy) will snap to the given grid when dragged (mouseup)
• in case of userdraw the drawn points will snap to xmajor / ymajor grid
• if no grid is defined, points will snap to every integer xrange/yrange value. (eg snap_x=1,snap_y=1)
• if you do not want a visible grid, but you only want a snaptogrid with some value...define this grid with opacity 0.
• if xminor / yminor is defined,(use keyword axis to activate the minor steps) the drawing will snap to xminor and yminor
  use only even dividers in x/y-minor...for example snaptogrid
axis
grid 2,1,grey,4,4,7,red will snap on x=0, x=0.5, x=1, x=1.5 .... will snap on y=0, y=0.25 y=0.5 y=0.75 ...
• : snaptogrid_1 : snaptogrid_2

square ↑

square x,y,side (px),color

• draw a square with left top corner (x:y) with side side in color 'color'
• use command fsquare x,y,side,color for a filled square
• use command/keyword filled before command square x,y,side,color
• may be set draggable / onclick
• : square

status ↑

status

• keyword
• alernative: nostatus
• used to override the effects of status=done in wims (answer.phtml)
• affects readonly in inputfields / textareas in canvasimage and all userdraw based commands
• e.g.: if keyword status is set, the pupil will be able to modify the canvas when the wims $status variable is set to done

string ↑

string color,x,y,the text string

• may be set onclick or drag xy
• note: when set onclick, use an extra command fontsize (default: fontsize=12) to adjust the size of the clicked text-string
  note: a clicked text string will be hardcoded : fontsize+10 in the font family courier
• unicode supported: string red,0,0,\u2232
  See https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mathematical_operators_and_symbols_in_Unicode
  See https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greek_script_in_Unicode
• use a command like fontfamily italic 24px Arial to set fonts on browser that support font change
• super / sub script is supported, using '_' and '^'
  The font family for the sub/sup string will be Helvetica e.g. your font family settings will be ignored
  to force end the subscript/supscript, use an extra space...see example:
• : string_sup_sub : string

stringup ↑

stringup color,x,y,rotation_degrees,the text string

• may be set onclick or drag xy
• note: when set onclick, use an extra command fontsize (default: fontsize=12) to adjust the size of the clicked text-string
  note: a clicked text string will be hardcoded : fontsize+10 in the font family courier
• unicode supported: stringup red,0,0,45,\u2232
• use a command like fontfamily bold 34px Courier to set fonts on browser that support font change
• you could use keyword yoffset to -sometimes- do a small correction of text placement under/above a point (e.g. text & point have thesame coordinates)
• note: no need to killrotate after stringup
  onclick
rotate 45
string red,0,0,AAAAAA
killrotate
string red,4,4,BBBBBB
  is identical with:
  onclick
stringup red,0,0,45,AAAAAA
string red,4,4,BBBBBB
• super / sub script is supported, using '_' and '^'
  to end the subscript/supscript, use an extra space...see example:
• : stringup_sub_sup : stringup

highlight ↑

highlight color,opacity,linewidth

• NOT IMPLEMENTED
• use command onclick: when the object receives a userclick it will increase its linewidth

strokecolor ↑

strokecolor colorname or #hex

• to be used for commands that do not supply a color argument (like command linegraph)

text ↑

text fontcolor,x,y,font,text_string

• font may be described by keywords: giant,huge,normal,small,tiny
• use command fontsize to increase base fontsize for these keywords
• may be set onclick or drag xy
• backwards compatible with flydraw
• unicode supported: text red,0,0,huge,\u2232
• special: use '_' and '^' to imitate html sup/sub, like H_3O^+ + OH^\u22i2 \u2192 2H_2 O
• much better to use command string combined with fontfamily for a more fine grained control over html5 canvas text element
• super / sub script is supported, using '_' and '^'
  to end the subscript/supscript, use an extra space...see string command
• Avoid mixing old flydraw commands text, textup with new canvasdraw commands string, stringup. If the fontfamily was set completely like fontfamily italic 24px Arial. In that case reset fontfamily to something lke fontfamily Arial before the old flydraw commands.
• : text

textarea ↑

textarea x,y,cols,rows,readonly,value

• may be further controlled by css
• if $status=done (e.g. in answer.phtml) the inputfield will be cleared and set readonly. Override this by keyword status.
• if mathml inputfields are present and / or some userdraw is performed, these data will not be send as well (javascript:read_canvas();)
• keyword xoffset | centered is not active for command textarea
• : textarea

textfill ↑

textfill x0,y0,color,some_text

• x0,y0 in xrange / yrange
• color will be used for the font color
• use command fontfamily to set font type and size
• there is also a command userdraw textfill,color,some_text
• : textfill

textup ↑

textup fontcolor,x,y,font,text_string

• can not be set onclick or drag xy (because of translaton matrix...mouse incompatible)
• font may be described by keywords: giant,huge,normal,small,tiny
• use command fontsize to increase base fontsize for the keywords
• backwards compatible with flydraw
• unicode supported: textup red,0,0,huge,\u2232
• use command stringup and fontfamily for a more fine grained control over html5 canvas text element
• Avoid mixing old flydraw commands text, textup with new canvasdraw commands string; stringup. If the fontfamily was set completely like fontfamily italic 24px Arial. In that case reset fontfamily to something like fontfamily Arial before the old flydraw commands.

trace_jscurve ↑

trace_jscurve some_math_function

• will use a crosshair to trace the jsmath curve
• two inputfields will display the current x/y-values (numerical evaluation by javascript)
• default labels x and y; use commands xlabel some_x_axis_name and ylabel some_y_axis_name to customize the labels for the input fields
• use commands fontsize and css to format the fonts for labels and inputfields.
• use commands linewidth, strokecolor, crosshairsize to adjust the corsshair.
• the client browser will convert your math function to javascript math.
  use parenthesis and rawmath: use 2*x instead of 2x etc etc no check is done on the validity of your function and/or syntax (use error console to debug any errors...)
• be aware that the formulas of the plotted function(s) can be found in the page javascript source
• : trace_jscurve

trange ↑

trange tmin,tmax

• alternative command: ranget
• default -2,2

translation ↑

translation tx,ty

• alternative command: translate
• will translate the next objects tx in xrange and ty in yrange
• use command killtranstation to end the command
• : translation

triangle ↑

triangle x1,y1,x2,y2,x3,y3,color

• use ftriangle or keyword filled for a solid triangle
• may be set draggable / onclick
• : triangle

triangles ↑

triangles color,x1,y1,x2,y2,x3,y3,...

• use ftriangles or keyword filled for solid triangles
• may be set draggable / onclick individually (!)
• : triangles

userboxplot ↑

userboxplot

• keyword, no arguments
• use before command boxplot x_or_y,box-height_or_box-width,x_or_y-position
• if set, the student will have to calculate "min,Q1,median,Q3,max" and feed these data into the draw_boxplot function
• for example: put the canvas-script into a html element with id='boxplot' and set style='display:none'
  define a variable called student_boxplot and fill it with the 5 student-data (from inputfields or something)
  var student_boxplot = new Array(5)
function show_boxplot(){
student_boxplot[0] = min;
student_boxplot[1] = Q1;
student_boxplot[2] = median;
student_boxplot[3] = Q3;
student_boxplot[4] = max;
document.getElementById('boxplot').style.display = "block";
draw_boxplot(12345,1,2.00,5.00,[0,0,0,0,0],4,"0,0,255",0.78,"255,165,0",0.60,1,0,1,1);
};
  In the canvas-script the function draw_boxplot has the following arguments:
  draw_boxplot=function(canvas_type,xy,hw,cxy,data,line_width,stroke_color,stroke_opacity,fill_color,fill_opacity,use_filled,use_dashed,dashtype0,dashtype1)

userboxplotdata ↑

userboxplotdata

• keyword, no arguments
• use before command boxplot x_or_y,box-height_or_box-width,x_or_y-position
• if set, the student will have to generate some statistical data. These data should be put in a named array student_boxplot_data
• min,Q1,median,Q3,max are calculated by a js-function and the 'draw_boxplot' function will draw a boxplot.
• see command userboxplot for calling 'draw_boxplot()'

userdraw ↑

userdraw object_type,color

• only a single object_type is allowed.
• right mouse click will remove last drawn object.
• for multiple different 'userdraw' objects in an exercise, use command multidraw
• implemented object_type:
  • point
  • points
  • crosshair
  • crosshairs
  • line
  • lines
  • vline
  • vlines
  • hline
  • hlines
  • demiline
  • demilines
  • segment
  • segments
  • polyline | brokenline
  • circle
  • circles
  • arrow
  • arrow2 (double arrow)
  • arrows
  • arrows2 (double arrows)
  • curvedarrow
  • curvedarrows
  • curvedarrow2
  • curvedarrows2
  • triangle
  • polygon
  • poly[3-9] (e.g poly3 ... poly7...poly9
  • rect
  • roundrect
  • rects
  • roundrects
  • freehandline | path
  • freehandlines | paths
  • clickfill: fill the clicked area with color
    multiple areas may be selected
    multiple colors may be provided using commands colorpalette color1,color2,color3,... use replyformat 10 for checking the user click color ... reply=x1:y1:color1,x2:y2:color2...
    attention: this will not work for pattern filling, because the pattern image is only generated once and after creation can not be changed !
    the opacity of this image on a separate canvas is set to 0.01 and not 0 (!!)...in the fill algorithm the opacity of the matching pixels is set to 1
  • dotfill: fill the clicked area with a dot pattern; use command linewidth to change dot size
  • diamondfill: fill the clicked area with a diamond pattern
  • hatchfill: fill the clicked area with a hatch pattern
  • gridfill: fill the clicked area with a grid pattern
  • textfill: fill the clicked area with a repeating string
    userdraw textfill,blue,some_text
    use command fontfamily to adjust text style and size
  • clickfill | pattern filling in general:
    the clicks may be set snaptogrid
    can be used together with command floodfill or fill
    always use together with command clearbutton some_text for removal of all click_colored areas
    the function read_canvas() will return the click coordinates in the sequence of the user clicks
    use command canvastype to fill another canvas (default should be fine: DRAG_CANVAS = 5)
  • text
    an inputfield is provided, unicode allowed. The text is drawn a the mouse click, or if used with command userinput inputfield also at the given x/y-coordonates
  • arc
  • arcs
  • image
    only a single "image" of every supported type(*) may be added to canvas window from the surrounding html page.
    the image should have an 'id' and an onclick handler.
    (*) supported types are svg,bitmap,p-element,div-element and mathml/tex-code with \mmlid{int}.
  • images
  • input
    place a single inputfield on canvas
    use commands 'css' for css styling: use command linewidth for adjusting the input field size (default 1)
  • inputs
    place multiple inputfield: placing inputfields on top of each other is not possible
  • function : identical to userinput function
• note: mouselisteners are only active if $status != done (eg only drawing in an active/non-finished exercise)
  to overrule use command/keyword status (no arguments required)
• note: object_type text: Any string or multiple strings may be placed anywhere on the canvas.
  Use command fontfamily to set font
• note: object_type polygone: Will be finished (the object is closed) when clicked on the first point of the polygone again.
• note: all objects will be removed -after a javascript confirm box- when clicked on an object point with middle or right mouse button (e.g. event.button != 1: all buttons but left)
• use a prefix filled or f to set fillable objects filled. (fcircles,filledcircles etc)
  in case of fillpattern do not use the f prefix !
• for non solid filling, use command fillpattern grid,hatch,diamond,dot
• use opacity int,int and fillcolor color to trigger coloured filling of fillable objects
• use command dashed and/or dashtype int,int to trigger dashing
• use command replyformat int to control / adjust output formatting of javascript function read_canvas(); (the defaults should be fine...)
• may be combined with onclick or drag xy of other components of flyscript objects (although not very useful...)
• may be combined with keyword userinput_xy
• may be combined width the snaptogrid snaptopoints etc, to simplify the checking of the student reply
• the cursor may be appropriately styled using command cursor
• note: when zooming / panning after a drawing, the drawing will NOT be zoomed / panned...this is a "design" flaw and not a feature
  To avoid trouble do not use zooming / panning together width userdraw.!
  use command multidraw is this is a problem for you...
• note: the default replyformat for userdraw input(s),color used format x1;y1;text1 n x2;y2;test2 n x_n;y_n;text_n (e.g. it is not a comma separated array...use direct exec to test)
• note: a special case is userdraw image,boguscolor. Images (bitmap or svg or div) present in the exercise page and the img/svg/div-tag with an unique 'id' and onclick='javascript:place_image_on_canvas(this.id)' can be placed onto the canvas.
  The id and (x;y) coordinates will be returned using read_canvas();
  native MathML, MathJax or KaTeX typesetting may be included in div's.(experiments; wims_modules svn version only!)
• note: command
  userdraw function,color is identical to acombination of strokecolor color and userinput function
  
• note: commands :
  multicolors red,green,blue
multilabel f(x)=:g(x)=:h(x)=
userdraw functions3,color
  is identical to commands :
  functionlabel f(x)=:p(x)=:w(x)=
strokecolor red
userinput function
strokecolor green
userinput function
strokecolor blue
userinput function
• : userdraw_canvastype_a : userdraw_canvastype_b : userdraw_rect : userdraw_rects : userdraw_frect : userdraw_frects : userdraw_roundrect : userdraw_roundrects : userdraw_froundrect : userdraw_froundrects : userdraw_line : userdraw_lines : userdraw_vline : userdraw_vlines : userdraw_hline : userdraw_hlines : userdraw_demiline : userdraw_demilines : userdraw_arc : userdraw_arcs : userdraw_point : userdraw_points : userdraw_arrow : userdraw_arrows : userdraw_arrow2 : userdraw_arrows2 : userdraw_curvedarrow : userdraw_curvedarrows : userdraw_curvedarrow2 : userdraw_curvedarrows2 : userdraw_crosshair : userdraw_crosshairs : userdraw_circle : userdraw_circles : userdraw_segment : userdraw_segments : userdraw_line : userdraw_lines : userdraw_triangle : userdraw_poly5 : userdraw_filled_poly5 : userdraw_poly7 : userdraw_filled_poly7 : userdraw_polyline : userdraw_freehandline : userdraw_filled_freehandline : userdraw_freehandlines : userdraw_input : userdraw_inputs : userdraw_text : userdraw_function : userdraw_clickfill_colorpalette : userdraw_clickfill_1 : userdraw_clickfill_2 : userdraw_clickfill_2

userinput ↑

userinput function inputfield

• alternative command: userinput_function
• alternative command: userinput_xy
• inputfield is only usable in combination with some userdraw draw_type
• note: the input fields are not cleared after the object is drawn...be aware of multiple idential drawings (many clicks on the ok button)
• userinput function may be used any time (e.g. without userdraw)
• multiple userinput function commands may be used.
• use command functionlabel some_string to define the inputfield text: default value "f(x)="
• use command strokecolor some_color to adjust the plot / functionlabel color
• use command css some_css to adjust the inputfields
• use command fontsize int to adjust the label fonts. (default 12px)
• the user input for the function will be corrected by a simple rawmath implementation...
  an error message will be shown if javascript can not interpret the user input
• : userinput_function : userinput_points : userinput_arrows : userinput_combined

userinput_xy ↑

userinput_xy

• keyword (no arguments required)
• to be used in combination with command "userdraw object_type,color"
• if set two (or three) input fields are added to the document
  (one for x-values, one for y-values and in case of drawing circle one for radius-values)
• the student may use this as correction for (x:y) on a drawing (or to draw without mouse, using just the coordinates)
• math input is allowed (e.g something like: 1+3,2*6,1/3,sqrt(3), sin(pi/4),10^-2,log(2)...)
  eval function is protected against code injection.
• can not be combined with command intooltip tiptext
  note: the tooltip div element is used for placing inputfields
• user drawings will not zoom on zooming (or pan on panning)
• use command css some_css to adjust the inputarea.
• use command fontsize int to adjust the text labels (if needed)
• : userinput_xy

userinput_function ↑

userinput_function

• alternative command: userinput
• keyword (no arguments required)
• if set, a inputfield will be added to the page
• repeat keyword for more function input fields
• the userinput value will be plotted in the canvas
• this value may be read with read_canvas().
  for do it yourself js-scripters: If this is the first inputfield in the script, its id is canvas_input0
• use before this command userinput_function,
  commands like css some_css, xlabel some_description, opacity int,int, linewidth int, dashed and dashtype int,int to modify
• fontsize can be set using command fontsize int
• incompatible with command intooltip link_text_or_image: it uses the tooltip div for adding the inputfield
• : userinput_function

vline ↑

vline x,y,color

• alternative command: verticalline
• draw a vertical line through point (x:y) in color 'color'
• may be set draggable / onclick
• : vline

vlines ↑

vlines color,x1,y1,x2,y2....

• alternative command: verticallines
• draw vertical lines through points (x1:y1),(x2:y2)... in color 'color'
• may be set draggable / onclick individually
• : vlines

video ↑

video x,y,w,h,videofile location

• x,y: left top corner of audio element (in xrange / yrange)
• w,y: width and height in pixels
• video format may be in *.mp4 (todo: other formats)
• : video

xaxis ↑

xaxis num1:string1:num2:string2:num3:string3:num4:string4:....num_n:string_n

• alternative command: xaxistext
• usable for commands numberline and grid or combinations thereof
• use these x-axis num1...num_n values instead of default xmin...xmax
• in case of command grid. there is no need to use keyword axisnumbering
• use command axis to have visual x/y-axis lines (see command grid
• use command fontcolor, fontfamily to adjust font
  defaults: black,12,Arial
  note: command fontsize is not active for this command.(fontsize can be used for the legend in a grid)
• a javascript error message will flag non-matching value:name pairs
• if the x-axis words are too big and will overlap, a simple alternating offset will be applied
• to be used before command grid (see command grid)
• xmajor steps should be synchronised with numbers eg. 1 in the next example grid 1,100,grey,1,4,6,grey
• : xaxistext

xaxisup ↑

xaxisup num1:string1:num2:string2:num3:string3:num4:string4:....num_n:string_n

• alternative command: xaxistextup
• the text will be rotated 90° up
• no need to use keyword axisnumbering
• use command axis to have visual x/y-axis lines (see command grid
• use these x-axis num1...num_n values instead of default xmin...xmax
• use command fontcolor, fontfamily to adjust font
  defaults: black,12,Arial
  note: command fontsize is not active for this command.(fontsize can be used for the legend in a grid)
• a javascript error message will flag non-matching value:name pairs
• if the x-axis words are too big, they will overlap the graph
  (in this case the text will start from ysize upwards)
• to be used before command grid (see command grid)
• xmajor steps should be synchronised with numbers eg. "1" in the next example grid 1,100,grey,1,4,6,grey
• : xaxistextup

xerrorbars ↑

xerrorbars color,E1,E2,x1,y1,x2,y2,...,x_n,y_n

• draw multiple points with x-errorbars E1 (error value left from point) and E2 (error value right from point) at given coordinates in color 'color'
• the errors E1 and E2 values are in xrange.
• use command linewidth int to adust size
• may be set draggable / onclick individually (!)
• : xerrorbars

newrange ↑

newrange xmin,xmax,ymin,ymax

• objects defined after command will make use of this new range
• https://wimsedu.info/?topic=dessiner-des-portions-de-fonctions-sur-un-meme-graphe

xrange ↑

xrange xmin,xmax

• alternative command: rangex
• if not given: 0,xsize (eg in pixels)

xsnaptogrid ↑

xsnaptogrid

• keyword (no arguments required)
• a draggable object (use command drag x|y|xy) will snap to the given x-grid values when dragged (mouseup)
• in case of userdraw the drawn points will snap to xmajor grid
• if no grid is defined, points will snap to every integer xrange value. (eg snap_x=1)
• if you do not want a visible grid, but you only want a snaptogrid with some value...define this grid with opacity 0.
• if xminor is defined (use keyword axis to activate xminor), the drawing will snap to xminor
  use only even dividers in x-minor...for example
  xsnaptogrid
axis
grid 2,1,grey,4,4,7,red
  will snap on x=0, x=0.5, x=1, x=1.5 ....
  will snap on y=0, y=0.25 y=0.5 y=0.75 ...
  
• : xsnaptogrid_1 : xsnaptogrid_2

xoffset ↑

xoffset

• keyword ; to place the text centered above the text coordinates(x:y) ...
• may be used for points or other things requiring centered labels
• use fontfamily for setting the font
• may be active for commands text and string (e.g. objects in the drag/drop/onclick-library)
• : xoffset

xyoffset ↑

xyoffset

• keyword ; to place the text (x:y) to (x+dx:y+dy)... dx/dy are dependent on fontsize/fontfamily
• may be used for points or other things requiring labels
• use fontfamily for setting the font
• only active for commands text and string (e.g. objects in the drag/drop/onclick-librariy
• in case of inputfields the inputfield will be centered x and y on its coordinates.
  for example:
  inputs 1,1,10,?
  point 1,1,red
  the point will be completely invisible
  note: keyword xyoffset will also provide centering if used with input(s),color
• : xyoffset

xunit ↑

xunit some_unit_for_x-values

• unicode allowed (no html code)
• use together with command display or mouse
• will display the cursor x-coordinate in unit
• : xunit

xlabel ↑

xlabel some_string

• will be used to create a label for the x-axis (label is in quadrant I)
• can only be used together with command grid
  not depending on keywords axis and axisnumbering
• font setting: italic Courier, fontsize will be slightly larger (fontsize + 4)
  use command fontsize to adjust.
  (command fontfamily is not active for this command)
• use ylabel
• : xlabel

xlogbase ↑

xlogbase number

• sets the logbase number for the x-axis
• default value 10
• use together with commands xlogscale / xylogscale

xlogscale ↑

xlogscale ymajor,yminor,majorcolor,minorcolor

• the x/y-range are set using commands xrange xmin,xmax and yrange ymin,ymax
• ymajor is the major step on the y-axis; yminor is the divisor for the y-step
• the linewidth is set using command linewidth int
• the opacity of major / minor grid lines is set by command opacity
• default logbase number = 10 ... when needed, set the logbase number with command xlogbase number
• the x/y- axis numbering is triggered by keyword axisnumbering
  • use command precision before xlogscale command to set the precision (decimals) of the axis numbering
  • use commands xlabel some_text and/or ylabel some_text for text on axis: use command fontsize int to set the fontsize (default 12px)
  • use command fontfamily fnt_family_string to set the fonts for axis-numbering
  • use command fontcolor to set the colour
• note: the complete canvas will be used for the log paper
• note: userdrawings are done in the log paper, e.g. javascript:read_canvas() will return the real values
• note: command mouse color,fontsize will show the real values in the logpaper.
  
• note: when using something like xrange 0.0001,0.01...combined with commands mouse and/or userdraw...
  make sure the precision is set accordingly
• note: in case of userdraw, the use of keyword userinput_xy may be handy !
• attention: keyword snaptogrid may not lead to the desired result...
• attention: do not use command zoom
• : xlogscale

xylogscale ↑

xylogscale majorcolor,minorcolor

• the x/y-range are set using commands xrange xmin,xmax and yrange ymin,ymax
• the linewidth is set using command linewidth int
• the opacity of major / minor grid lines is set by command opacity [0-255],[0-255]
• default logbase number = 10 ... when needed, set the logbase number with command xlogbase number and/or ylogbase number
• the x/y- axis numbering is triggered by keyword axisnumbering
  • use commands xlabel some_text and/or ylabel some_text for text on axis: use command fontsize int to set the fontsize (default 12px)
  • use command fontfamily fnt_family_string to set the fonts for axis-numbering
  • use command fontcolor to set the colour
• note: the complete canvas will be used for the log paper
• note: userdrawings are done in the log paper, e.g. javascript:read_canvas() will return the real values
• note: command mouse color,fontsize will show the real values in the logpaper.
  
• note: when using something like yrange 0.0001,0.01...combined with commands mouse color,fontsize and/or userdraw type,color...
  make sure the precision is set accordingly (eg command precision 10000)
• note: in case of userdraw, the use of keyword userinput_xy may be handy !
• attention: keyword snaptogrid may not lead to the desired result...
• attention: do not use command zoom
• : xylogscale

yaxis ↑

yaxis num1:string1:num2:string2:num3:string3:num4:string4:....num_n:string_n

• alternative command: yaxistext
• use command fontcolor, fontfamily to adjust font
  defaults: black,12,Arial
  note: command fontsize is not active for this command.(fontsize can be used for the legend in a grid)
• no need to use keyword axisnumbering
• use command axis to have visual x/y-axis lines (see command grid
• use these y-axis num1...num_n values instead of default ymin...ymax
• a javascript error message will flag non-matching value:name pairs
• to be used before command grid (see command grid)
• : yaxistext

yerrorbars ↑

yerrorbars color,E1,E2,x1,y1,x2,y2,...,x_n,y_n

• draw multiple points with y-errorbars E1 (error value under point) and E2 (error value above point) at given coordinates in color 'color'
• the errors E1 and E2 values are in yrange.
• use command linewidth int to adust size
• may be set draggable / onclick individually (!)
• : yerrorbars

yoffset ↑

yoffset

• keyword; to place the text centered above the text coordinates(x:y) ...
• may be used for points or other things requiring centered labels
• use fontfamily for setting the font
• may be active for commands text and string (e.g. objects in the drag/drop/onclick-library)
• : yoffset

yrange ↑

yrange ymin,ymax

• alternative command: rangey
• if not given 0,ysize (eg in pixels)

ysnaptogrid ↑

ysnaptogrid

• keyword (no arguments required)
• a draggable object (use command drag x|y|xy) will snap to the given y-grid values when dragged (mouseup)
• in case of userdraw the drawn points will snap to ymajor grid
• if no grid is defined, points will snap to every integer yrange value. (eg snap_y=1)
• if you do not want a visible grid, but you only want a snaptogrid with some value...define this grid with opacity 0.
• if yminor is defined (use keyword axis to activate yminor), the drawing will snap to yminor
  use only even dividers in y-minor...for example
  ysnaptogrid
axis
grid 2,1,grey,4,4,7,red
  will snap on x=0, x=0.5, x=1, x=1.5 ....
  will snap on y=0, y=0.25 y=0.5 y=0.75 ...
  
• : ysnaptogrid_1 : ysnaptogrid_2

ylabel ↑

ylabel some_string

• will be used to create a (vertical) label for the y-axis (label is in quadrant I)
• can only be used together with command grid
  not depending on keywords axis and axisnumbering
• font setting: italic Courier, fontsize will be slightly larger (fontsize + 4)
  use command fontsize to adjust (command fontsize is not active for this command)
• use xlabel
• : ylabel

ylogbase ↑

ylogbase number

• sets the logbase number for the y-axis
• default value 10
• use together with commands ylogscale / xylogscale

ylogscale ↑

ylogscale xmajor,xminor,majorcolor,minorcolor

• the x/y-range are set using commands xrange xmin,xmax and yrange ymin,ymax
• xmajor is the major step on the x-axis; xminor is the divisor for the x-step
• the linewidth is set using command linewidth int
• the opacity of major / minor grid lines is set by command opacity [0-255],[0-255]
• default logbase number = 10 ... when needed, set the logbase number with command ylogbase number
• the x/y- axis numbering is triggered by keyword axisnumbering
  • use command precision before ylogscale command to set the precision (decimals) of the axis numbering
  • use commands xlabel some_text and/or ylabel some_text for text on axis: use command fontsize int to set the fontsize (default 12px)
  • use command fontfamily fnt_family_string to set the fonts for axis-numbering
  • use command fontcolor to set the color
• note: the complete canvas will be used for the log paper
• note: userdrawings are done in the log paper, e.g. javascript:read_canvas() will return the real values
• note: command mouse color,fontsize will show the real values in the logpaper.
  
• note: when using something like yrange 0.0001,0.01...combined with commands mouse color,fontsize and/or userdraw type,color...
  make sure the precision is set accordingly (eg command precision 10000)
• note: in case of userdraw, the use of keyword userinput_xy may be handy !
• attention: do not use command zoom
• attention: keyword snaptogrid may not lead to the desired result...

yunit ↑

yunit some_unit_for_y-values

• unicode allowed (no html code)
• use together with command mousey
• will display the cursor y-coordinate in unit

zoom ↑

zoom button_color

• introduce a very small controlpanel at the lower right corner (font size of the panel is fixed to: 22px Arial)
• giving six 15×15px active rectangle areas
  (×,↓,↑,←,→,−,+) for zooming and/or panning of the image
• a mouse wheel is active for in/out zooming. Drag panning is not supported (this will conflict with many userdraw or multidraw primitives)
• the controlpanel is not active for a userdraw mousedown (but it can interfere with some userdraw types)
• the × symbol will reset to your original xmax/xmin ymax/ymin values.
• choose an appropriate color, so the small ×,↓,↑,←,→,−,+ are clearly visible
• command opacity may be used to set stroke_opacity of buttons
• note: on zooming, text will not increase / decrease the font size (todo??)
• note: adding zooming will increase the size of the javascript include with approx. 11 kb

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Interfaces to external software packages

This documentation is yet not finished ... WIMS provides interfaces for some software packages which must be installed independantly.

	pari
	the PARI group
	http://pari.math.u-bordeaux1.fr/
Use	PARI/GP est un système de calcul formel très répandu, conçu pour des calculs rapides en arithmétique (factorisations, théorie algébrique des nombres, courbes elliptiques...) mais contient aussi un grand nombre de fonctions pour le calcul matriciel, sur les développements limités, les nombres algébriques, etc. ainsi que de nombreuses fonctions transcendantes.

	maxima
	http://maxima.sourceforge.net/
Use	Maxima is a system for the manipulation of symbolic and numerical expressions, including differentiation, integration, Taylor series, Laplace transforms, ordinary differential equations, systems of linear equations, polynomials, and sets, lists, vectors, matrices, and tensors. Maxima yields high precision numeric results by using exact fractions, arbitrary precision integers, and variable precision floating point numbers.

	graphviz
	Credits
	http://www.graphviz.org/
Use	Graph visualization is a way of representing structural information as diagrams of abstract graphs and networks. Automatic graph drawing has many important applications in software engineering, database and web design, networking, and in visual interfaces for many other domains.

	gap
	The GAP Group
	http://www.gap-system.org/
Use	GAP is a system for computational discrete algebra, with particular emphasis on Computational Group Theory. GAP provides a programming language, a library of thousands of functions implementing algebraic algorithms written in the GAP language as well as large data libraries of algebraic objects. See also the overview and the description of the mathematical capabilities. GAP is used in research and teaching for studying groups and their representations, rings, vector spaces, algebras, combinatorial structures, and more.

	float_calc,integer_calc
	http://www.gnu.org/software/bc/
Use	interface to bc ; bc -l

	yacas
	Credits
	http://yacas.sourceforge.net/homepage.html
Use	YACAS is an easy to use, general purpose Computer Algebra System, a program for symbolic manipulation of mathematical expressions. It uses its own programming language designed for symbolic as well as arbitrary-precision numerical computations. The system has a library of scripts that implement many of the symbolic algebra operations; new algorithms can be easily added to the library. YACAS comes with extensive documentation (hundreds of pages) covering the scripting language, the functionality that is already implemented in the system, and the algorithms we used.

	jmol
Use

	geogebra
Use

Logiciels internes à WIMS

	checkmol
	Norbert Haider, norbert.haider@univie.ac.at, modified by Ernst-Georg Schmid
Use
Input data
Output data
Example

	curvecomp
	Xiao Gang
Use	Compare two curves
Input data	Input parameters: environment. w_curvecomp_1 and w_curvecomp_2: curves to compare, as lists of points. w_curvecomp_xrange and w_curvecomp_yrange: list of 2 integers each. w_curvecomp_tolerance: Maximal tolerance of distances.
Output data	Output: 10 double numbers separated by white spaces. - Average distance of curve 1 with respect to curve 2. - Average distance of curve 2 with respect to curve 1. - Maximal distance of curve 1 with respect to curve 2. - Maximal distance of curve 2 with respect to curve 1. - Proportion of curve 1 close to curve 2. - Proportion of curve 2 close to curve 1. - Maximal jump of curve 1. - Maximal jump of curve 2. - Ratio of repetitions found in curve 1. Number 10: Ratio of repetitions found in curve 2. Furthermore, words "fnofx" and/or "fnofy" will appear if curve 2 represents the graph of a function of x (and/or y). Returns empty if one of the curves is degenerated.
Example	curvecomp_1=0,92,1,92,2,92,3,92 curvecomp_2=46,41,48,41,50,45 curvecomp_tolerance=40 curvecomp_xrange=11,208 curvecomp_yrange=0,220 curvecomp

	cyclicode
	Xiao Gang
Use	This program generates cyclic code from a polynomial defined over a prime field. It does not check whether the polynomial is primitive or irreducible.
Input data	Accepted parameter: 3 words Word 1: field characteristics, limited to 2,3,5,7 Word 2: The polynomial coefficients (except the leading one, from lower degree to higher). Word 3: The starting status (starting from the first bit).
Output data
Example	cyclicode 3 22 10

	dicfind
	Xiao Gang
Use	for adm modules
Input data
Output data
Example

	dicsort
	Xiao Gang
Use	Sort dictionary
Input data	for adm modules
Output data
Example

	huffman
	Xiao Gang
Use	This program computes an optimal coding of variable lengths on a given distribution of probabilities, using Huffman algorithm.
Input data	Two environment variables wims_exec_parm is a comma-separated list of probability distributions Limited to MAX_ITEMS The input data will be scaled to unit sum w_huffman_radix is the encoding radix, between 2 and MAX_RADIX.
Output data	two lines Line 1: Entropy and Average code length, comma-separated Line 2: comma-separated list of codes.
Example	huffman_radix=4 huffman 0.16, 0.39, 0.55

	lceb
	Lucas Nussbaum, lucas@lucas-nussbaum.net
Use	jeu "le compte est bon"
Input data	7 integers
Output data	How to obtain the first number from the six other ones by addition, multiplication, division, substraction
Example	lceb 598 6 8 2 5 10 12

	matchmol
	Norbert Haider, norbert.haider@univie.ac.at, modified by Ernst-Georg Schmid
Use
Input data
Output data
Example

	mathexp
	Xiao Gang
Use	Mathematical expression manipulations for WIMS
Input data	For the moment, use only in deductio
Output data
Example

	moneyprint
	J.M. Evers
Use	prints a number with fixed amount of decimal places
Input data	Usage:!exec moneyprint number1,number2,number3,....number_n decimal_places or !exec moneyprint number1,number2,number3;....number_n decimal_places \text{A=wims(exec moneyprint number1,number2,number3....number_n decimal_places)} default value "decimal_places = 2" A=!exec moneyprint 123,43.5,23.45665 A=123.00,43.50,23.47 A=!exec moneyprint 1.000,6.234;8.4567 A=1.00,6.23;8.46 or specified a last "word" A=!exec moneyprint 123,43.5,23.45665 3 A=123.000,43.500,23.457
Output data
Example

	msg2wims
	Xiao Gang
Use	transforms a text in a file and save it in another file (administrative module). Transforms some commands of the form \ in wims equivalence. By default, the commands are \(\) (replace by !insmath) and translation in html of $, !, (to complete). More commands can be translated by the configuration of the variable msg2wims_primitives. Usage:!sh cd $wims_home; bin/msg2wims file_in > file_out
Input data	name of a file
Output data	modified text of the input file
Example

	oncechar
	Xiao Gang
Use	This special program selects words composed by selected characters, each selected character being used at most once in the word. Used in the shell script public_html/bin/dicfind
Input data	Selected characters are entered by the env var 'oncechar'. Words entered by stdin. Output to stdout.
Output data
Example

	scienceprint
	J.M. Evers
Use	Prints a number in scientific notation.
Input data	Usage: !exec scienceprint number,significant_digits,output_type \text{A=wims(exec scienceprint number,significant_digits,output_type )} output_type can be 0 : calculating format : 1.234*10^-4 1 : html format :1.234×10-4 2 : latex format : 1.234\times10^{-4} 3 : prefix format : 1.234×10-1 m 4 : mathml format : $1.234\times {10}^{-4}$ 5 : long prefix format : 1.234×10-1 milli
Output data
Example

	shortpath
	Xiao Gang
Use	Finds the shortest paths linking given points
Input data	wims_exec_parm is ... . w_shortpath_style : 0: loop to the start 1: arbitrary open path 2: open path with fixed start 3: open path with fixed end 4: open path with fixed start and end
Output data
Example	shortpath_style=0 shortpath 1,3 5,1 3,4 1,1 3,1 4,5

	translator
	Xiao Gang
Use	Versatile translation according to a dictionary
Input data	for adm modules
Output data
Example

	voronoi
	Steve J. Fortune
Use	compute Voronoi diagram or Delaunay triangulation. Voronoi reads the standard input for a set of points in the plane and writes either the Voronoi diagram or the Delaunay triangulation to the standard output.
Input data	Each input line should consist of two real numbers, separated by white space.
Output data	If option -t is present, the Delaunay triangulation is produced. Each output line is a triple i j k which are the indices of the three points in a Delaunay triangle. Points are numbered starting at 0. If this option is not present, the Voronoi diagram is produced. There are four output record types. s a b indicates that an input point at coordinates l a b c indicates a line with equation ax + by = c. v a b indicates a vertex at a b. e l v1 v2 indicates a Voronoi segment which is a subsegment of line number l; with endpoints numbered v1 and v2. If v1 or v2 is -1, the line extends to infinity.
Example	voronoi -t 5 7 2 8 7 6 3 5 1 2 8 1 4 3 6 4

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Template files

Some files in the distribution are template. They can be changed and used for global configuration. They are local so will not be erased by WIMS update. Preliminary version

log/front.phtml.template	replace template by the symbol of a language xx	read this page instead of public_html/modules/home/front.phtml.xx so it changes the home page of WIMS for lang=xx
log/motd.phtml.template	replace template by the symbol of a language xx	General message in the front page of WIMS for lang=xx
log/manager_msg.phtml.template	replace template by the symbol of a language for xx	message in all classes seen only by class supervisors for lang=xx
log/wims.conf.access.template	delete .template	limits the access to some ressources for the whole site see public_html/scripts/help/xx/accessconf.phtml for example
themes/*/local.template	replace template by the symbol of a language xx	can modify the menu in home for lang=xx

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How to do an anstype

# How to add a new anstype (called here `_name`) Each anstype contains two files, `_name.input` is the input form element, and `_name` is the answer processing file. Specific anstypes need not be put into this directory. One can create a subdirectory "anstype" in the module, then put the files there. Any name will do, but we recommend that module-specific anstypes use a specific prefix for its names, like "mynumeric", "myfunction", ..., in order to avoid possible confusions. In an oef exercise, the anstype is called by the line `\answer{xxx}{yyy}{type=_name}{option=zzz}` see later for the intern variables corresponding to the values. The input file should contain the following two definitions: 1. define `anstype=yes`. Otherwise the OEF manager will not recognize the existence of the anstype. 2. define the form style using the variable `anstyle`. Here are the possible words to declare in this variable: * `mc`: multiple choice style. * `symtext`: allows symtext processing. * `numeric`: the data is numeric or with an input field * `dprompt`: correct answer prompt given under double-underlined variable (internal `reply__$i`); in this mode, the correct answer is not present by default. * `nogood`: never present correct answer (because there cannot be). * `noanswer`: never present the answer analysis (because there is no correct or wrong answer) These scripts accept the following input variables: * `i`: The number of the reply field. * `replyname$i`: The prompt of the form element. * `reply$i`: The answer given by the student. * `replygood$i`: The correct answer given by the author. so the value of the second field of `\answer{}{}`. * `replyoption$i`: Option words. Anstypes are more or less free to define their own recognized option words. In oef exercises, it correspond to the value `zzz` in `{option=zzz}` * `inputsize`: the second item of the field \embed{} (the first one is * `r$i` ou `reply$i`). In general, it contains the size of the form element. Moreover, if no comparison is wanted, the answer processing file can have a calling parameter "nocompare" (not useful in oef exercices). Output variables of the answer processing file: * `Test`: Put `bad $i` if the correct answer given by the author is not understandable. * `test`: Put `NaN` followed possibly by an error indicator, if the answer given by the student is not understandable. some available error indicators: * `badsize` (following by a number) * `badform` * `badform noreduced` * `nocompute` * `nocomputecomplex` * `notunit` * `bad_variable` * `unknownword` followed by some words * `chemdraw_empty_data` * `chemclick_empty_data` * `diareply$i`: Diagnostics result. Possible values: `good`, `bad`. * `precreply$i`: If the answer misses the correct result just by a problem of precision, put `yes` to this variable and put `bad` to `diareply$i`. In the computation of the score, a coefficient depending on the level is introduced. In thise case, one must not advance `freegot` at all. * `partialgood$i`: If the answer should be considered as partially correct, put `yes` to this variable and put `good` to `diareply$i`. It has no consequence on the calculation of the real score (use `freegot` for that). * `freegot`: This is a numerical variable. Its content is incremented by 1 if the answer is 100% OK, none if it is false, or anything between 0 and 1 for partially correct answer. It is not recommended to decrement this value, nor to increment it more than 1. The real score is computed using it. So, `partialgood$i=yes + diareply$i=good + freegot` advances of a number strictly between 0 and 1 or `!advance precgood + diareply$i=bad + fregot=0 + precreply$i=yes` There are also some optional output variables (they can be left empty). * `replyGood$i`: This variable can be defined for the correct answer shown to the students after replying to the exercise, It should be different than the real `replygood$i`. It is not shown in the analysis of the answer for false student answer if dprompt is declared in anstyle. * `m_reply$i`: This variable can be defined for the answer shown back in the oef variable `reply$i`, if it should be different than the real answer typed in. * `reply_$i`: The answer of the student shown in the html page in place of `\embed{}` or in the analysis zone (for oef exercises). * `reply__$i`: A special prompt in the analysis of the answer to show when `dprompt` is declared in anstyle. If it is empty, its value is the value of `reply_$i`. If the variable `noshow$i` is yes, the student reply is not shown in the answer analysis. * `m_sc_reply$i`: by default 0, 0.5 or 1 according to `diareply$i`, `partialgood$i` and `freegot`. Can be set to special values. Give the possibility to the developer of exercises to give feedbacks without testing again. There are also some variables which can be used (new/2009) * `oef_formnosubmit`: if `yes`, no "Send answer" button appear. * `oef_js_submit`: can be used to put javascript in the answer button, the line `onclick="javascript:$oef_js_submit;"` will be present in this button (in test). * `oef_anstype_css`: style css (what is inside ``) will be include at the end of the web page. If the following variables are defined in the file `_name.input`, they can be reused in the file `_name`: `oef_applet_option`,`oef_applet_command`,`oef_fill_option`,`oef_answer_option1`..., (for reuse applet options or embed options for example, if one wants to use the anstype several times in the same html page, it is recommanded to use `oef_answer_option$i` indexed by the answer's number). If you use an external software, use the variable `ans_require` (best if there is a version number). Add the help in `scripts/help/anstype` and `scripts/help/anstype.$lang` and in the list `help/$lang/reply.phtml`.

See the lists of the anstype in the OEF documentation even if they can be used in any pedagogical modules (with adaptation of the syntax).

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Structure of sub directories

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Themes

# To add a theme:

1. Decide on the name of the theme. If the theme is not intended for
   publication, please put it under the subdirectory "local":
   `local/1`, `local/YourName`, etc.

   Say the name is `local/1`.

2. Copy the content of `public_html/themes/standard` to
   `public_html/themes/local/1`, and modify.

- un fichier css global est créé par le script mkcss.pl dans themes.
   Ce script concatene et minimise les fichiers css dont la liste est dans le fichier `css.css.template` (respecter la syntaxe ...).
   Vous pouvez ainsi utiliser des fichiers css communs dans `themes/_css` des fichiers d'autres thèmes (à manier avec précaution) ou dans le répertoire `local/1/_css` de votre thème.

- Si vous désirez garder certains fichiers sans changement,
  il est conseillé de faire plutôt un changement de fichiers.
  Par exemple, si vous désirez conserver sans modification le fichier supervisor.phtml
   créez-le en écrivant simplement par exemple
  `!changeto themes/standard/supervisor.phtml`

- Le fichier `local.phtml.template` une fois changé en `local_phtml.fr`
   permet d'inclure des modules administratifs locaux dans les menus

- vous pouvez changer le "vocabulaire" dans la version de langue xx
  (par exemple xx=fr) de la manière suivante :
  créez un répertoire lang.
  Si vous désirez changer la définition des noms
  définis dans html, faites-le dans un fichier
  `lang/home_names.xx`.
  Si les définitions sont faites dans un module administratif,
  par exemple dans `modules/adm/class/exam/lang/names.phtml.xx`, faites-le dans un fichier de nom
  `adm_class_exam_lang_names.phtml.xx`

- il est possible d'utiliser les "widgets" du répertoire `themes/_widgets`

  widget front.phtml:
  `!read themes/_widgets/frontmsg.phtml local/data/news.fr blocnews blocexamples`
  argument: `nom_du_module` `nom_du_bloc_news` `nom_du_bloc_exemple`
    (le module doit être dans `local/data`)
  css nécessaires (à rajouter dans `css.css.template`)
  `_css/news.css _css/foundation_button.css _css/foundation_animation.css`

À faire :

- nettoyer un peu plus les fichiers pour n'avoir qu'une succession
de widgets.
- bientôt un appel du type
  `!read themes/_widgets/visitormenubox.phtml`
  lira s'il existe `themes/local/1/_widgets/visitormenubox.phtml` dans `themes/local/1/_widgets` et sinon dans `themes/_widgets`.

* wims_homeref_n0 = renouveler, aide, wims_menu_items (liens venant des modules)
* wims_homeref_n1 : lien sur feuille, séquence, aide, about, resume, divers ! print
* wims_homeref_n2 :
* wims_homeref_n3 : était prévu pour des tabs, ne contient rien à supprimer
* wims_homeref_n4 : contrôle des scores par l'élève
* wims_homeref_n5 contient pour l'instant uniquement l'aide feedback des exos
* wims_hm : lien du menu supérieur (headmenu)

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Sheet/Exam/Freework formats

See here

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Taxonomies

See here

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Icones

See here and See here

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Help for script library

# Model for an slib
The first part (before :proc) is for the documentation.

You can also put the documentation part (everything except slib_author)
in multiple files, one per lang in scripts/help/lang/slib/...
if you want it to be translated.
##############

!if $wims_read_parm!=slib_header
  !goto proc
!endif

slib_author=Firstname, Lastname
slib_parms=3\
default, explanation\
default, explanation\
default, explanation

slib_example=example1\
example2

slib_require=
slib_out= result of the slib
slib_comment= more explanation

!exit
:proc
proc

!distribute items $wims_read_parm into slib_xx, slib_yy, slib_zz, and so on

...

calculation

slib_out=


##############

The result must be in the variable slib_out.

Please prefix all the variables names by slib_.

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Interoperability module

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Debugging methods

We list here some debugging methods of an administrative module.

• You can add anywhere in a module file writen in wims language (this excludes for instance shell files) a line starting with the command !debug , followed by a string that may contain variable names (preceeded by a $ sign) to get their values. For instance :
  !debug The score of $user is $score
  If the program execution tries to execute such a line, it will stop there, displaying an error message containing your string with the variable names replaced by their values. In the above example, the program displays for instance a debugging message containing
  The score of Ted Watson is 7
• All files and line numbers processed when we issue a wims command can be stored for debugging purposes in a special file named trace.txt in the tmp/sessions/XXXX directory where XXXX is the session number. This debugging trace is in action each time the wims command is executed from a server administrator IP and the debug mode is enabled (it is then written tmp_debug=yes in log/wims.conf). You can add a tmp_debug_var variable to the log/wims.conf file and assign to it the list of variable names whose evolution you want to know when running the program. You can also add a tmp_debug_use_var variable to the log/wims.conf file and assign to it a list of variable names: each time one of these variables is used, its value is put in the debugging trace.
• When the server is configured to be in debug mode, peripheral software error messages are displayed at the bottom of the html page.

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Change log

See here

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